Biology Parts of Cells

The three parts of the cell theory:

All organisms are composed if at least 1 cell, The cell is the basic unit of life, all cells come from pre-existing cells.

1595

Zacharias Janssen invented the first microscope.

1674/1676

Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria by looking at dental scrapings.

1665

Hooke coined the name “cell”.

1838

Schleiden said all plants are made of cells, while Schwann said all animals are made of cells.

1858

Virchow said that “all cells come from preexisting cells.”

Cell Wall

Found Outside of the cell membrane in only cells of plant & bacteria and provided support (rigidity) & protection.

Cell membrane

Lipid bilayer outside of cells that control movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoskeleton

The cell’s skeleton; gives shape, strength, and ability to move.

Nucleus

Directs cells activities, contains DNA.

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made, according to DNA diretions.

Cytoplasm

Thick fluid outside of nucleus throughout cell, where chemical reactions take place.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site where lipids for membrane are made; two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes)

Golgi Apparatus (also known as Golgi Body).

Sorts and packages proteins and materials into “vesicles” to be shipped out of cell.

Vacuole

Sac-like organelle used for storage (water, food, enzymes). (*Much larger in plant cells)

Mitochondria

Supplies the cell with energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis (only in plant cells)

Lysosome (It contains digestive enzymes to do this).

Cleans out and recycles damaged and worn-out, old parts.

Cilia (Only in prokaryotes)

(Found in the respiratory tract)

Tiny hairlike structures that aid in movement.

Flagella (Most prokaryotes and animals cells).

Long whip-like tail that aids in movement.

Centrioles

Found only in animal cells, and aid in cell division.