unit 7

personality

unique relatively consistent pattern of thought/feelings in a person

self concept (Carl Rogers)

set perceptions/beliefs about self, experiences inconsistent with self-concept cause anxiety

incongruence

difference between real and ideal self

self concept theory

unconditional positive self-regard, unite real and ideal selves to become self-actualized (reach full potential)

OCEAN personality test

Openness (new experiences)

Conscientiousness (planned > spontaneous)

Extroversion

Agreeability

Neuroticism (emotional instability)

conformity

adjusting behavior/thinking to coincide with group standard

norms

rules for expected (“proper”) behavior

normative social influence

conform to norm to get social approval

informational social influence

conform to norm because believe others’ info accurate

Milgram experiment

teacher + fake learner, increasing shocks when wrong answer

social contagion (chameleon effect)

mimick others’ behaviors, e.g. yawning

foot in door phenomenon

start small —> later big requests more likely fulfilled

door in face phenomenon

smaller request more likely fulfilled after unreasonable one

cognitive dissonance

belief ≠ behavior —> discomfort, want to change one

social loafing

group task = less individual effort

groupthink

groups tend think in harmoney

group polarization

group likeminded —> common belief more extreme

bystander effect

less likely help because believe others woulds

social facilitation

skills perform better/worse in front of others

deindividualization

lose awareness + restraint in groups e.g. riots

attribution theory

explain behavior by attributing it to current situation

fundamental attribution error

observers tend to underestimate situational impact on disposition

elaboration liklihood model

peripheral route persuasion: superficial cues influence

central route persuasion: logical arguments influence

role

social position expectation influences behavior

self serving bias

think good result = internal factors, bad result = external factors e.g. test grade

actor observer bias

think own actions = situational, others’ actions = disposition e.g. litering

locus of control

internal LoC: self controls life

external LoC: can’t control outcomes

just world phenomenon

world is fair, people get what they deserve

mere exposure effect

repeated exposure to stim increases liking for it