Integumentary system

macule

is a flat area of color change and a non-palpable skin lesion

papule

solide elevation < 0.5cm in diameter and has distinct borders

nodule

firm and movable solid elevation 0.5–1 cm in diameter and extends deeper into the dermis than a papule

vesicle

is a small, raised blister that contains clear fluid inside or under the epidermis

bulla

 large vesicle greater than 0.5 cm

pustule

vesicle with white cellular debris, may be infected or sterile

tumor

solid mass larger than 1.0cm

large nodule and may be firm or soft

ex. squamous cell carcinoma

plaque

• solid, elevated, flat-top lesion with indistinct borders

• It is found on the skin or mucous membrane

• Thrush is an example of plaque

wheal

• type of plaque

• palpable, red, circumscribed swelling in upper epidermis

• intradermal skin tests produce wheals

secondary lesions

evolve from primary lesions because of constant irritation or infection

scales

flaking layers of epidermis

crusts

crust is dried exudate (leaked fluid from blood vessels) on the skin

fissures

linear, wedge-shaped crack extending into the dermis

impetigo

• caused by streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. A common characteristic of impetigo is the formation of crusty lesions and small vesicles around the nose and mouth (may often be across the entire face).

• Honey-colored exudate is excreted from areas of impetigo.

• The treatment includes oral antibiotics and possibly topical antibiotic cream

acne

• caused by hair follicles blocked by oil or dead skin

• common during puberty

• Its causes include an inherited predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, exposure to heat and humidity, and the use of oily creams

• The treatment includes using benzoyl peroxide-based face wash twice daily and topical applications. In more severe cases of acne, an oral antibiotic may be prescribed for several weeks or months

rosacea

• Rosacea is characterized by inflammation, pustule formation, and small, red, edematous (swollen, puffy appearance) lines on the skin

• Treatment includes topical antibiotics and, in severe conditions, oral antibiotics

cellulitis

• Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection that involves the subcutaneous tissue and manifests as redness, tenderness, swelling, and warmth at the site

• Treatment includes oral antibiotics. In some cases, patients are hospitalized and may receive IV antibiotics
  

fungal infections

• pruritic (itchy) lesions with distinct border

• treatment: topical antifungal agents such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin), ketoconazole (Nizoral), econazole, or nystatin (Mycostatin).

• commonly caused by pathogens subsisting (surviving) on dead tissue in the epidermis

viral infections

• virus invades body

• include warts, cold sores/herpes simplex, shingles/herpes zoster, 

• treatment: analgesic and antipruitic medications

parasitic infections

• include scabies and prediculosis

• severe rashes and itching over body

scabies

• caused by Sarcoptes scabiei and is characterized by intense itching, a body rash, and a sensation of something crawling on the skin.

• treated only through prescribed medication.

pediculosis

• caused by lice

• treatment with lice-medicated shampoo and steps to prevent reinfestation

ulcerations

destruction of epidermis in a area

scars

form due to excess collagen production after injury

atrophy

loss of a portion of the skin

herpes simplex

• virus infection

• cold sores

• caused by herpes simplex virus 1 and manifest as painful ulcers along gumline or mouth or lip

herpes zoster

• viral

• shingles

• acute inflammatory disorder (short-term inflammatory response) caused by herpes zoster virus

• painful rashes on body and occasionally face

• treatment: vaccines

warts

• viral

• bumps on skin caused by human papilloma virus

tinea pedis

• fungal infection

• althetes foot

tinea cruris

• fungal

• jock itch

tinea corporis

• fungal

• ringworm