Anatomy & Physiology part 2

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5 Terms

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Action Potential

  • purpose of the action potential is to conduct nerve impulses and send information

  • neuron starts positive on outside, negative on inside

  • sodium (Na+) rushes into neuron, depolarizing the interior, changing to positive charge inside

  • action potential moves down the neuron as more ion channels open and let sodium in

  • after action potential passes, cell resets to resting potential

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Synapses

  • neurotransmitter - chemical messenger released by axon into synaptic cleft

  • ion channel - gates in next neuron that open and allow ions like sodium to rush in

  • synaptic cleft - space in between two neurons

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Brain Structure and Function

  • cerebral cortex - control voluntary skeletal muscle, intellectual and emotional processing

  • thalamus - relays impulses to cerebral cortex

  • hypothalamus - regulation of autonomic nervous functions, regulates temp, water balance, food

  • limbic system - mediates emotional response

  • medulla oblongata - relays sensory input, controls HR, respiratory rate

  • cerebellum - smooths skeletal muscle movements, regulates balance and posture

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Muscular System

  • movement

  • maintain posture

  • stabilizing joints

  • generating heat

  • control/regulation

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Sliding Filament Model - model of muscle contraction

  • calcium - activates binding sites on actin filament

  • myosin - protein with head that attaches to actin and performs power stroke (thick filament)

  • actin - protein that myosin head pulls in power stroke, causing muscle to shorten (thin filament)

  • sarcomere - basic unit of muscle contraction, shortens as actin filaments are pulled toward center