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Action Potential
purpose of the action potential is to conduct nerve impulses and send information
neuron starts positive on outside, negative on inside
sodium (Na+) rushes into neuron, depolarizing the interior, changing to positive charge inside
action potential moves down the neuron as more ion channels open and let sodium in
after action potential passes, cell resets to resting potential
Synapses
neurotransmitter - chemical messenger released by axon into synaptic cleft
ion channel - gates in next neuron that open and allow ions like sodium to rush in
synaptic cleft - space in between two neurons
Brain Structure and Function
cerebral cortex - control voluntary skeletal muscle, intellectual and emotional processing
thalamus - relays impulses to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus - regulation of autonomic nervous functions, regulates temp, water balance, food
limbic system - mediates emotional response
medulla oblongata - relays sensory input, controls HR, respiratory rate
cerebellum - smooths skeletal muscle movements, regulates balance and posture
Muscular System
movement
maintain posture
stabilizing joints
generating heat
control/regulation
Sliding Filament Model - model of muscle contraction
calcium - activates binding sites on actin filament
myosin - protein with head that attaches to actin and performs power stroke (thick filament)
actin - protein that myosin head pulls in power stroke, causing muscle to shorten (thin filament)
sarcomere - basic unit of muscle contraction, shortens as actin filaments are pulled toward center
