Chapter 17 quiz questions and important terms

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are

important in coagulation

which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

The percent fraction or formed elements relative to whole blood is the---

hematocrit

a person who has a low blood volume is said to be--

hypovolemic

which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

hemocytoblast

which of the following is a function of the blood?

-transport of nutrients and wastes

-transport of body heat

-defense against toxins and pathogens

-transport of gases

the process of red blood cell production is called---

erythropoiesis

which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocyte?

produce antibodies in response to antigens

each hemoglobin molecule contains

4 iron atoms

______ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

coagulation

more than 95% of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen

which of the following is a characteristic of all leukocytes

they are all nucleated

the blood cells involved in a specific immunity are the

lymphocytes

the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin

most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

the function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis

fibrinolysis

A healthy adult male has approximately __________ liters of blood.

5-6 Liters

A healthy female adult has approximately _____ liters of blood.

4-5 Liters

A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is __________.

Albumin

Diapedesis refers to __________.

the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces

Granulocytes do NOT include __________.

Monocytes

Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled primarily with __________.

hemoglobin molecules

Pernicious anemia may result from __________.

the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12

The final step in clot formation is __________.

fibrinogen → fibrin.

The most numerous leukocyte is the __________.

neutrophil

The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to __________.

red blood cells

Which leukocytes contain histamine in their granules?

basophils

Which of the following is a protective function of blood?

preventing infection

Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT?

life span of platelets is between 30 and 60 days

Which property do white blood cells (WBCs) have in common?

WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function.

Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving the infection if they have which type of anemia?

sickle-cell anemia

Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms and plays a role in the body's response to allergens and asthma?

eosinophils

Which of the following is a function of neutrophils?

to phagocytize bacteria

Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes?

to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Mast cells are most similar to which type of leukocyte?

basophils

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?

to destroy virus-containing cells

The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the __________.

hematocrit

The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains __________.

white blood cells and platelets

Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters?

They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry.

Another term for reduced hemoglobin is __________.

deoxyhemoglobin

Which type of anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses?

aplastic anemia

The process of actively metabolizing oxygen by neutrophils to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as __________.

respiratory burst

Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage?

prostacyclin

Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by __________.

an Rh incompatibility between an Rh- mother and her Rh+ baby during pregnancy

Which term describes a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel?

thrombus

Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the __________ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs.

D

Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood?

neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies

The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the __________.

hematocrit

Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin?

It serves an immune system function.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte?

It has a biconcave disc shape.

One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of __________ oxygen molecules.

four

Erythropoiesis is best defined as __________.

red blood cell production

Erythropoietin (EPO) is made primarily by the __________.

kidney's

Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the __________.

spleen

A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop __________.

pernicious anemia

The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called __________.

diapedesis

the most numerous type of white blood cell

neutrophil

highly phagocytic cell with a U- or kidney-shaped nucleus

macrophage

bilobed nucleus and dark-staining cytoplasmic granules

basophils

small agranulocyte with a lifespan that ranges from a few hours to decades

lymphocytes

has a role in killing parasitic worms

eosinophil

Which of the following is considered a type of lymphocyte?

B-cell

Overproduction of white blood cells is called __________.

leukocytosis

Platelets are derived from __________.

megakaryocytes

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end?

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Which of the following is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.

inhibits coagulation

heparin

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

thrombin

generates thrombin

prothrombin activator

fibrin-digesting enzyme

plasmin

stimulates blood vessel healing

platelet derived growth factor

A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus.

false

Blood type is determined by __________.

antigens present on the surface of erythrocytes

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby.

false

person with type B blood

would make antibodies to the A antigen but not the B antigen

person with type A blood

would make antibodies to the B antigen but not the A antigen

person with type AB blood

would have type A and B antigens

person with type O blood

Would make antibodies to the A and B antigens

Choose the true statement about fetal hemoglobin.

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.

percentage of plasma in the blood

55%

percentage of buffy coat in blood

1%

percentage of erythrocytes in blood

45%

Formed elements of blood

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

normal pH level of blood

7.35-7.45

functions of blood: Distribution-

-O2 and nutrients to body cells

-Metabolic wastes to the lungs and kidneys for elimination (CO2 in lungs/Urea in kidneys)

-Hormones from endocrine organs to target organs

function of blood: Regulation of-

-Body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, using buffers

-Adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

function of blood: protection against-

-blood loss (plasma protein/platelets)

-Infection: Antibodies/complement proteins/WBC

plasma proteins are produced in the---

liver

function of albumin in plasma (60%)

maintains osmotic pressure

function of globulins in plasma (36%)

proteins/carry hormones and ions

Function of fibrinogen in plasma (4%)

makes fibers (structural proteins)

which electrolyte is considered a bicarbonate ion?

HCO-3

structure of erythrocytes (RBC)

-Anucleate

-97% hemoglobin

-biconcave shape

-ATP production/anaerobic

hemoglobin molecule can hold up to how many oxygen molecules?

4 O2 molecules

mother stem cell (hematopoietic cell)

hemocytoblast

Development of Erythrocytes

1- ribosome synthesis (protein synthesis)

2-hemoglobin accumulation

3-ejection of the nucleus and FORMATION OF RETICULAOCYTES (mature erythrocytes)