AP Psych module 16-18

sleep

a lost of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a come, general anesthesia or hibernation

circadian rhythm

our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

rem sleep

rapid eye movement; sleep stage where vivid dreams commonly occur

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state

NREM sleep

non rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for rem sleep

hallucinations

false sensory experiences

hypnagogic sensations

bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly while transitioning into sleep

delta waves

the large slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM 3

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. in response to the light the SCN causes pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying feelings of sleepiness

insomnia

reoccurring problems of falling or staying asleep

narcolepsy

sleep disorder of uncontrollable sleep attacks

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and momentary awakenings

night terrors

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified

dream

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind

manifest content

according to freud, the symbolic, remembered storyline of a dream

latent content

according to freus the underlying meaning of a dream

REM rebound

the tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation

psychoactive drug

a chemical substance that alters perception and moods

substance use disorder

a disorder characterized by continues substance cravings and use despite life disruption and or physical risk

tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug

withdrawl

the discomfort and distress that follows discontinuing a drug or behavior

depressants

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow bodily functions

alcohol use disorder

alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal and a drive to continue problematic use

barbiturates

drug that depresses CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

opiates

opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporary lessening pain and anxiety

stimulants

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

cocaine

a powerful and addictive stimulant derived from coca plant; produces temporary increased alertness and euphoria

amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions, associated energy and mood swings

methamphetamine

addictive drug that stimulates CNS with accelerate body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time it reduces baseline dopamine levels

ecstasy (MDMA)

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy but with short-term health risks and longer-term serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

hallucinogens

psychodelic drugs that disorts perceptions and evoke sensory images in absence of sensory input

near death experience

an altered state of consciousness reported afer a close brush with death; often simular to drug induced hallucinations

LSD

a powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid

THC

a major active ingredient in weed; triggers a variety of effects inducing mild hallucinations