Nutrition and Digestive System Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutrition and the digestive system based on the lecture notes for review.

Nutrients

Six essential substances needed for proper body functioning:

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.

Digestion

The process by which food is broken down into smaller components that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

Chemical Digestion

The breakdown of food through chemical reactions, using enzymes to convert food into absorbable units.

Mechanical Digestion

The physical process of breaking down food into smaller pieces through actions such as chewing and grinding.

MESSI LIRA

An acronym for the pathway of the digestive system:

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Ileum, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus.

Accessory Organs

Organs that aid in digestion but are not part of the digestive tract itself.

Liver

An accessory organ that processes nutrients and detoxifies substances.

Gallbladder

An accessory organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Pancreas

An accessory organ that produces enzymes for digestion and hormones for regulating glucose.

Salivary Glands

Accessory organs that produce saliva to aid in the chemical digestion of food.

Small Intestine

The primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water and forms waste products.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Xylem

Tissue within a plant that transports water throughout the plant from the roots.

Phloem

Tissue within a plant that transports glucose to all plant cells for energy.

Photosynthesis Formula

6CO2+6H2O+light→C6H12O6+6O2

Voluntary Muscle

a muscle that we have control over

Involuntary Muscle

a muscle that we do not have control over

Eshopogas

throat, stores bile

Villi

small projections from the walls of the small intestine, absorb products of digestion

Liver

produces bile and detoxifies substances

Peristalsis

muscular movements involving the walls of the digestive tract that serve to mix materials

Amylase

enzyme produced by salivary glands

Pancreas

produces digestive enzymes

Gizzard

compacts nutrients

Pharynx

muscular tube in middle of neck