MC QUIZZES REAL

Which theory focuses on motor development through CNS maturation?

Hierarchical Theory

What are Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) according to the Motor Programming Theory?

Hardwired neural circuits for specific motor functions

How are complex movements explained in Reflex Theory?

By chaining reflexes together

What is the primary limitation of Reflex Theory?

Cannot explain fast or novel movements

What does the Systems Theory emphasize in motor control?

Interaction of all systems to achieve task goals

What does the term 'degrees of freedom' refer to in Systems Theory?

Elements of a system that can be altered or manipulated

Which theory supports the idea of 'self-organization' in movement?

Dynamic Systems Theory

What is a principle of Hierarchical Theory?

Motor development occurs in steps driven by CNS maturation

According to Reflex Theory, what is required for motor output?

Sensory input

What is a limitation of Ecological Theory?

Lack of focus on nervous system contributions

What is an assumption of Dynamic Systems Theory?

New movements emerge due to changes in control parameters

What is a clinical implication of Hierarchical Theory?

Inhibit abnormal movement patterns and facilitate normal ones

Where should a therapist typically begin in therapeutic handling to facilitate movement?

Proximal points of control

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of NDT?

Movements should always be strictly sequenced through developmental positions

What is a component of sitting balance intervention in NDT?

Achieving midline and neutral pelvis

Who were the original developers of NDT?

Berta and Karl Bobath

What is the primary goal of Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT)?

Enhancing neuroplasticity and functional independence

What is a fundamental principle of NDT?

Handling and facilitation to optimize movement patterns

How do NDT practitioners assess movement?

By evaluating postural control and coordination impairments

What is the most appropriate next step in intervention for a stroke patient with balance issues?

Encourage the patient to maintain balance with isometric control

Which NDT principle is being applied when adjusting environment and providing feedback during gait training?

Sensory feedback is critical for movement refinement

A lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion is characterized by:

Flaccid weakness

Which of the following is a symptom unique to an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion?

Hyperreflexia

Which of the following best describes paresis?

Partial loss of voluntary movement

Which motor control system maintains muscle tone?

Extrapyramidal system

The Modified Ashworth Scale is used to assess:

Spasticity

The Brunnstrom approach is primarily used to assess and treat:

Motor impairments following stroke

A hallmark of spasticity is:

Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone

Which structure regulates muscle tone via gamma motor neurons?

Cerebellum and basal ganglia

The term 'dysmetria' refers to:

The inability to grade forces appropriately for a task

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

Detect angular acceleration of the head

What is the main function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?

Maintain gaze stability during head movement

What does the vestibulo-spinal reflex activate?

Activates muscle to keep the body from falling

What is NOT a function of the vestibular system?

Auditory perception

What is the function of the utricle and saccule?

Detect linear acceleration and gravity

What are the two main parts of the vestibular system?

Peripheral and central

What information is the vestibular system sensitive to?

Position of the head in space and sudden changes in head movement

Vestibular Quiz last question

In the Head Impulse Test, a positive finding suggests dysfunction in which structure?

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

What is the primary goal of vestibular rehabilitation?

Enhancing gaze stabilization and balance

What is the most likely vestibular dysfunction evidenced by dizziness and focus issues after a viral illness?

Vestibular neuritis; VOR ×1 exercises

What type of nystagmus is associated with anterior canal BPPV?

Downbeating?

Which structure is assessed during proprioception testing in vestibular rehabilitation?

Semicircular canals

The HINTS exam is primarily used to differentiate between:

Central and peripheral vestibular dysfunction

What is the recommended frequency for VOR ×1 exercises in vestibular rehabilitation?

3x/day for 1-2 minute intervals