History paper 1

How was the Paris Peace Conference organised?

How was the Paris Peace Conference organised?

-germany wasn’t present
-the big 3 took charge
-27 countries represented
-done in the palace of Versailles

Why did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany harshly? [6]

-Germany caused the most damage in all of the way
-Germany has caused major damage to france (most of the trenches were there, millions died, land damaged et cetera)
-Germany also made Russia sign an unfair treaty (the treaty of Brest litovsk that took away territory, a huge amount of the population and coal mines). so why shouldnt Germany have one.

How successful was Wilson in achieving his aims at Versailles? Explain your answer. [10]

-Achieved the League Of Nations
- Giving Eastern Europe self determination
- America didn’t join the league of nations
-The countries in eastern Europe were very weak and unstable

What were the effects of the Treaty of Trianon on Hungary? [4]

-Slovakia to Czechoslovakia
-military limited to 35,000 officers
-Fiume to Italy
-Transylvania to Romania

 Why did Wilson believe his ‘Fourteen Points’ should form the basis of the Treaty of Versailles? [6]

-Would give self determination to smaller countries
-League of Nations would be able to settle disuputed
-Disarmament

How far did the peace settlement of 1919–20 reflect the aims of Clemenceau? Explain your answer. [10]

-Germany had to accept the blame of the war
-Military severely weakened
-Germany was not broken down into smaller states
-Germany only payed 6.6 billion marks

In what ways was Austria punished by the peace settlements of 1919–20? [4]

-Had to leave Austria-hungary
-The country could not have an airforce
-Only volunteers in the military
-Reparations were meant to be set (before Austria went bankrupt)

Why did Wilson want a ‘league of nations’? [6]

-To prevent more wars by settling them early
-To promote co-operations with countries
-So big and small countries can be recognised

‘The peace settlement of 1919–20 was a failure.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

-adressed self determination only for Europe
-Lead to German people hating the allies
-League of nations (was good for a bit)(WHO,ILO, reduced slavery etc)
-Self determination for smaller countries

 In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles restrict German armed forces? [4]

-Only 100,000 men
-only 6 battleships
-no poison gas
-Rhineland was de-militarised

Why was Wilson unsuccessful in achieving his goal of self-determination for the peoples of Europe? [6]

-Ethnic groups in Eastern Europe were extremely mixed
-There were so many ethnic groups
-Threatened the british and french empire so during they intervened

The Treaty of Versailles was too harsh.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

-led to instability in germany (hyperinflation in Germany, the political uprisings)
-Germany didn’t even start the war
-The destruction in France (2/3 of Germany’s population)
-Self determination allowed for more groups to be seen and not controlled by other groups

What did the Treaty of Versailles state about Danzig and the Rhineland? [4]

-Rhineland had to be de-militarised (right next to france could lead to another invasion)

-Danzig was given to the league of nation so there was easier trade and transport between poland and the baltic sea

Why were the victors not free to make the peace they wanted? [6]

-Arguing between Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilson
-Limited representation of smaller countries
-Public opinion

At the time, the Treaty of Versailles was justifiable.’ How far do you agree with this statement?

-Germany caused major destruction in France and caused the most destruction on the opposing side
-Everybody was destroyed after the war, not just germany. the allies needed the money.
-germany wasn’t the only country that caused mass destruction
-germany didnt start the war!!

What loss of territory was imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles? [4]

-loss of colonies to allies
-Danzig to the league
-Saar to france for 15 years
-Alsace lorraine back to france

Why were the ‘Big Three’ not satisfied with the Treaty of Versailles? [6]

-Clemenceau wanted Germany broken down into smaller states
-LLoyd George and Celemenceau wanted higher reparations
-Wilson wanted freedom of the sea and free trade

‘The Treaty of Versailles was a wise settlement.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

- promoted disarmament
-recognition to minorities in eastern europe
-was predicted to cause another war
-political instability in germany

 What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in relation to territorial changes? [4]

-German loss of colonies to allies
-Danzig to the league
-Saar to france for 15 years
-Alsace lorraine back to france

‘Most Germans were horrified by the terms of the Treaty.’ How justified was this reaction? Explain your answer. [10]

-Wolgang Kapp and Munich Putsch
-Spartacists uprising
-younger germans supported the moderate weimar republic
-moderate people thrived in weimar germany after the treaty