chapter 2 Philosophy review

What was Socrates trying to tell us about how we should be as a person

Socrates wanted you to be kind of person that is good and wise as possible

how was being a good and wise person achievable

you have to free your mind form those to took procession of it. You have to examine your life of you and others with the socratic method to see if others know it and you know anything. knowing it for certain

virtue is a form of

knowledge

how do know virtue is a form of knowledge

know virtue to best of ability and by conversing about it

• virtue benefits the virtuous

what does socrates argue about virtue

it is better to suffer rather to be non-virtuous

what does virtue entail and why

it entails the socratic method so we can think critically. If we cannot think critically, people take our mind

the socratic method believes no one does wrong. what are the two reasons why

1. the person did not know it was wrong

2. the person thought they were doing something right

what does the modern social science add to the socratic method

1. legal conditions we are under someone

2. under the influence (addiction)

What did plato think of the topic of self

he thought self was imprisoned by the body, it cannot act of its own accord until it frees itself. He denies the urges because of the theory of absolutes

what you recall are: perfect, unchanging, assailants …. aka the soul

the theory of absolutes

the soul is _____ and _____ and what do we need to do for the soul to be embodied

1. imprisoned

2. embodied

   1. we have to look back at all the knowledge of all things about the soul is being embodied from reflection

what does reflection not do

it does not have thinking

“You cannot interrupt reflection then go back to it, you have to restart your process,”

• you have to keep image in mind and prolong it for long time, denying the body from distractions for as long as possible

what are the two reasons for reflection

1. concentrating on image for a long time

2. the body is responsible for wars, battles, love, desires, etc.

when the body is responsible, how can we deny it

we have to deny these things by not participating in them

if we are successful in reflection, what happens,

you will know everything about you and others

what did plato say about the soul part 2

2: soul is individual thing, embodied in individual persons (different souls than others)

• have to perform detachment from love, desires, fears, wars, battles, etc.

if you can be successful with what plato says, you know what

the real essence about everything

who was similar to plato’s logic about how we are imprisoned

shankara

what makes shankara special

he was the translator for the Upanishads and he does not claim plato or philosophers

What was Shankara believed about imprisonment

he believed we must free us from imprisonment to achieve liberation

what was the 5 steps of liberation

1. declared to be complete detachment from all things which are non-eternal

2. practice of tranquility, self-control

3. giving up of all actions, personal desires

4. truth of atman, reflect and meditate

5. result = liberation

in order to be liberal, what do have to realize

have to realize the universal essence of self montra is employed through words like “aum”

• AUM: syllables that carry no meaning or image, promotes anything

what does 1-4 steps about

knowing the truth of Atman (essential self)

• unchanging essence of universal

• everyone has same

Atman

• reality

• reality and persons

different name that mean the same thing

who is the essential of reality

Brahman

what doe Shankara believe on detachment

1. wants to give up every desire completely

2. liberation: complete/utter liberation from any way to which you are conscious

what does Shankara want you to achieve

complete/utter liberation from any way to which you are conscious

When Nietzsche looks at Plato and Shankara and thinks about Asceticism, what does he think

he thinks it is nonsense of psychologically and philosophically (cannot be done)

What was N’s view of asceticism

reaction of suffering (overcoming suffering)

• describes sufferers as defeated sufferers

With N’s view of asceticism, what is his idea

“The Lack” - people who have now way out of suffering (defeated sufferers)

“The Last Man” - over coming suffering by receiving pleasure and distractions

What is a superior person

a person that is daring, defensive, and defying (Uber mensch) by sheer force of will (power to overcome ones self)

if you attempt to be a superior person and nothing is working, what happens

if you attempt for force of will, get it wrong, so you keep willing, and you cannot accomplish still, you feel guilty

what is guilt

deeper and poisoning suffering

What is the ultimate end of Asceticism

it is to replace one form of suffering with guilt

what was the buddha all about

the criteria of personal experience (more reliable)

why is imagination not reliable

it has no bounce cause you can decide anything is real

Buddha is what

perceptual

what are the 5 Aggregates that the Buddha preaches

1. the body

2. sensations

3. feelings of pleasure and pain

4. volitions

5. acts of consciousness

what are the things you need to explain yourself

evident experience

what does Buddha think about

about the acts of consciousness

the criteria of what goes from Buddha to Greece and stops there for about 1200 years until it goes to europe to create the scientific method

sensory experience

what does the scientific method come from

sensory experience

what is sensory experience

what is the word that expresses that you are always taught by someone. you learn from someone teaching you. You learn to speak by someone talking to you, etc

what is more important than imagination and why

sensory experience because it is an intellectual innovation from Buddha about sensory experience, which makes criteria lead to rejection of ideas