Classification of Matter

Solid

Definite shape and volume; resists compression.

Liquid

Constant volume; resists compression.

Vapor

Form of a substance (gas) that is normally a liquid or gas at the given temperature.

Gas

Fills the entire container; highly compressible.

Intermolecular

______________ distance is the distance between particles.

Plasma

A gas without electrons (ionized).

Physical

________ properties can be observed/measured without changing the sample’s composition.

Physical properties

Boiling point, melting point, odor, density, viscosity, specific heat.

Viscosity

A physical property that means the resistance of flow.

Chemical

________ properties are the ability of substances to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

Chemical changes

Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, oxidizing.

Physical changes

Ripping, cutting, smashing.

Extensive

___________ properties are dependent on the amount of a substance present.

Intensive

_______ properties are independent of the amount of a substance present.

Extensive properties

Volume, ductility, entropy, chemical potential, weight, heaviness, length, mass, number of molecules, electrical charge, energy, momentum, concentration.

Intensive properties

Density, magnetic field, malleability, elasticity, melting point, viscosity, electrical resistivity.

Phase change

The transition of matter from one state to another.

Law of conservation of mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. It is conserved. The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

Heterogeneous

______________ mixtures contain individual substances that remain distinct.

Homogeneous

_____________ mixtures have a composition that is constant throughout.

Solution

Also known as a homogeneous mixture.

Colloids

Heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate sized particles (between 1 — 1000 nm) and do not settle out.

Suspension

Mixture containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed.

Filtration

A separation technique that uses a porous barrier to separate solid from liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.

Distillation

A separation technique for homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in boiling points of substances.

Crystalization

A separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substances.

Sublimation

The process of a solid changing directly to gas, which can be used to separate mixtures of solids when one sublimates and the other doesn’t.

Chromatography

A separation technique that separates the components of a mixtures on the tendency of each to travel across the surface of another material.

Element

A pure substance that can’t be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Compound

Made up of two or more elements combined chemically (table salt and water).

Colloid

________ examples are blood, milk, and gelatin.

Orange juice

Example of a suspension.

Electrolysis