Exercise physiology 3

Physical activity

Bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle and that substantially increases energy expenditure.

Exercise

Planned, structured,, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of fitness.

physical fitness

a set of attributes that people have or achieve, which relates to the ability to perform physical activity.

Health related physical activity Components

cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, muscular strength, muscular strength, flexibility

Cardiorespiratory endurance

maximal ability to use oxygen (tested by vo2 max)

muscular endurance

the ability of muscle to perform continuously without fatigue (ex. push ups to fatigue)

muscular stregnth

The most force produced one time. (one rep with a heavy set)

body composition

The percentage that is fat tissue to lean tissue.

flexibility

range of motion about a joint.

Skill related physical fitness components

Agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, speed

agility

ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy

coordination

ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing together with body parts in performing tasks

balance

maintenance of equilibrium

power

ability or rate at which one can perform work

reaction time

the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it

speed

ability to perform a movement within a short period of time

EPOC

Excess Post exercise O2 Consumption

Who was the founder of Oxygen deficit and EPOC

A.V. Hill

example of O2 defecit and EPOC on a graph draw the one in ur notes

A.V. Hill thought that the size of the O2 debt was equal to the O2 deficit size, but what do we know now?

The O2 debt (EPOC) is larger than the O2 deficit

O2 debt (epoc) ATP-PC. glycolysis→ lactic acid→ O2 consumption

↑ body temp, ↑ HR, ↑ VE (ventilation muscles, ↑ NE/EPI

Ventilation (l/min)

Volume of gas inspired & expired.

ventilation at rest

Inspired (Vi) is greater than expired (Ve). Vi > Ve

Ventilation during intense exercise

expired is greater than inspiration. V i< Ve

Q=

HR x SV

Ve is measured in

ml/min which we then divide by 1000 to get L/min

F means

frequency of breathing. measured in b/min

tv means

Tital volume of gas in each breath. measured in ml/b

Ve=

f X tv

Ve/f=

tv

example of Ve = f x tv

Ve= 12 × 50= 6000 ml/min= 6 L/min

Ambient air is made up of what 3 gasses

Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

what percentage of nitrogen do we breathe?

79.04%

what percentage of oxygen do we breathe?

20.93%

what percentage of carbon dioxide do we breathe?

0.03%

What is the partial pressure of Nitrogen

600 mmHg

What is the partial pressure of oxygen

159 mmHg

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

.2 mmHg

What is the Alveoli partial pressure of Nitrogen

571 mmHg

What is the Alveoli partial pressure of oxygen

103 mmHg

What is the Alveoli partial pressure of carbon dioxide

39 mmHg

what is the mitochondrial partial pressure of oxygen

3-5 mmHg

Barometric percentage

pressure exerted by the gasses in the air

What is a normal barometric pressure at sea level

760 mmHg

to calculate the partial pressure of any of the elements we

take the barometric pressure and multiply it by the percentage that we breathe.

Example of calculating the nitrogen partial pressure

760 x .7904=600

Like with blood,gasses flow from

high pressure to low pressure

How is O2 transported in blood?

Hemoglobin

In Hemoglobin Fe how many oxygens?

4

In myoglobin Fe carries how many oxygens

1

oxyhemoglobin saturation curve

the points are at (20,20), (40,60), (70,90), (100,100)

for the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve at the top (100,100)

this is where we are in systemic arterial blood

for the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve at point (40,60)

this is where systemic venous blood is at rest

looking at the systemic artery, the blood will be

20 ml o2/ 100 ml bl

As long as we are breathing normal air and not in high elevation,

we will be at 100% saturation

Why do we need to use the saturation quickly?

becuase our muscles need it to do more work

acid makes pH

go down

looking at the for the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve during exercise, the curve shifts

to the right

during exercise, pH decreases and

causes more oxygen to move into the tissues.

The red line in the graph is the

baseline

When the blood gets hot (increases in temp) during exercise the curve shiftss

to the rightt

In total, the affect of exercise will cause the graph to shift to the left

False (the right)

Stopped at 12/2 but already wrote the top