AP World - time period 3 vocab

all the key vocab for time period 3 (unit 5 and 6)

American Revolution

A colonial revolt against British rule from 1775 to 1783, leading to the establishment of the United States of America. It was characterized by Enlightenment ideas and demands for independence, resulting in the Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A key document from the French Revolution created in 1789 that describes the rights of individuals and groups, promoting equality and influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a time of major social and political change, marked by the rise of democracy, the fall of the monarchy, and widespread unrest. It led to the First French Republic and influenced revolutions worldwide.

Napoleon Bonaparte

A military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution, becoming Emperor of the French and leading numerous military campaigns across Europe.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-colonial uprising that took place between 1791 and 1804, resulting in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic. It was led by enslaved people against French colonial rule, inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution.

Latin American Revolutions

A series of uprisings (1808–1830s) that freed Latin American countries from Spanish and Portuguese rule.

Tupac Amaru

A leader of an indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule in Peru during the late 18th century, seeking to improve the conditions of indigenous people and achieve autonomy.

Great Jamaica Revolt

A large slave rebellion in Jamaica in 1831-1832, led by Samuel Sharpe, aimed at ending slavery and improving conditions for enslaved people.

Abolitionist movement

A social and political campaign aimed at ending slavery and promoting the rights of enslaved individuals, gaining momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often advocating for self-governance and independence from foreign control.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leader in the women’s rights movement in the U.S., helping organize the first women's rights convention in 1848.She advocated for women's suffrage and equality.

Maternal feminism

A movement that advocates for women's rights based on their roles as mothers, emphasizing the importance of women's contributions to society and the family.

Steam engine

A machine that converts steam into mechanical energy, revolutionizing transportation and industry during the Industrial Revolution.

British textile industry

The sector of the economy in Britain that produced textiles, significantly driving the Industrial Revolution through innovations like the spinning jenny and power loom.

Middle class society

A growing social group in the 19th century, made up of business owners, professionals, and skilled workers.This class played a crucial role in economic development and cultural shifts during the Industrial Revolution.

Ideology of domesticity

The idea that women should stay home, care for the family, and avoid public life.This ideology promoted traditional gender roles, emphasizing women's responsibilities in the home while limiting their participation in the workforce and public sphere.

Lower middle class

A social group in the 19th century, consisting of lower-income workers and small business owners, often struggling for economic stability and social status.

Laboring classes

Social groups engaged in manual labor, often facing economic challenges and limited opportunities, particularly during the Industrial Revolution.

Robert Owen

A Welsh social reformer and founder of utopian socialism, known for advocating for better labor conditions and the establishment of cooperative communities.

Karl Marx

A German philosopher and economist, known for his theories on socialism and communism, particularly the concept of class struggle and the critique of capitalism.

Labour Party

A political party in the United Kingdom that represents the interests of the working class and advocates for social justice, workers' rights, and reforms in labor policies.

Socialism in the United States

A movement promoting economic equality and workers’ rights, but less influential than in Europe.It has historically focused on reforms through political means and has seen varying levels of support over time.

Progressives

Reformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who sought social and political improvements, such as labor laws and women's suffrage.

Russian Revolution of 1905

A wave of protests and uprisings in Russia that led to limited reforms and set the stage for later revolutions.

Latin American Export Boom

A period in the late 19th century when Latin America grew wealthy by exporting raw materials to industrialized countries.

Mexican Revolution

A major armed struggle that took place between 1910 and 1920, resulting in significant social and political changes in Mexico.

Dependent development

An economic model where a country's growth is reliant on foreign investment and external markets, often leading to uneven development and continued dependence.

Scientific racism

The belief that empirical science can demonstrate the superiority of certain races over others, often used to justify racial discrimination and inequality.

Civilizing mission

The idea that Europeans had a duty to spread their culture and rule over "less developed" people.

Social Darwinism

A social theory that applies the concept of natural selection to human societies, suggesting that certain groups are inherently superior and more fit for survival than others.

Scramble for Africa

The rapid invasion, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers in the late 19th century.

Indian Rebellion of 1857-1858

A key document from the French Revolution created in 1789 that describes the rights of individuals and groups, promoting equality and influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

Congo Free State

Cultivation system

A Dutch policy forcing Indonesian farmers to grow cash crops for export.

Cash crop production

Farming mainly for sale rather than local use, often leading to economic dependence.

Africanization of Christianity

A key document from the French Revolution created in 1789 that describes the rights of individuals and groups, promoting equality and influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

“African Identity”

The idea of a shared African culture and history, often used to resist colonialism.

Taiping Uprising

A massive rebellion (1850–1864) in China led by a religious leader claiming to be Jesus’ brother.

Opium Wars

Conflicts (1839–1842, 1856–1860) between China and Britain over the British trade of opium.

Unequal treaties

Agreements that forced China to give trade and territory advantages to Western powers.

Informal empire

Areas controlled economically and politically by European powers without direct colonial rule.

Self-strengthening

A movement in China to modernize while keeping traditional values

Boxer Rebellion

A violent anti-foreigner uprising in China (1899–1901), crushed by foreign armies.

“Sick man of Europe”

A term used to describe the weakening Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.

Tanzimat

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire to modernize and centralize the government.

Young Ottomans

The Young Ottomans were a group of reformers in the Ottoman Empire who wanted a constitutional government. They aimed to modernize the empire by combining Western political ideas with Islamic values, promoting civil rights and a more democratic system.

Young Turks

A movement that pushed for modernization and nationalism in the late Ottoman Empire.

Tokugawa Japan

The period (1603–1868) of peace and isolation under the Tokugawa shogunate.

Meiji Restoration

The 1868 reform movement that ended samurai rule and rapidly modernized Japan.

Russo-Japanese War

A 1904–1905 war in which Japan defeated Russia, proving its strength as a rising power.