Chapter 21: Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

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33 Terms

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Malassezia furfur

A yeast, , is capable of growing on oily skin secretions and is associated with the scaling skin condition known as dandruff.

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Staphylococci

are spherical gram- positive bacteria that form irregular clusters like grapes.

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P aeruginosa

produces several exotoxins that account for much of its pathogenicity.

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Vesicles

larger than about 1 cm in diameter are termed bullae.

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1941

The seriousness of rubella was not appreciated until , when certain severe birth defects were associated with maternal infection during the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy, a condition called congenital rubella syndrome.

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Comedonal

(mild) acne is usually treated with topical agents such as azelaic acid, salicyclic acid preparations, or retinoids (which are derivatives of vitamin A, such as tretinoin, tazarotene, or adapalene)

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Middle Ages

During the , an estimated 80 % of the population of Europe contracted smallpox* at some time during their lives.

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Mucous membranes

are often folded to maximize surface area.

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Shingles

is simply a different expression of the virus that causes chickenpox: different because the patient, having had chickenpox, now has partial immunity to the virus.

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HSV

- 1 infection can be transmitted by skin contact among wrestlers; this is colorfully termed herpes gladiatorum.

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Reyes syndrome

is an occasional severe complication of chickenpox, influenza, and some other viral diseases.

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Buruli ulcer

, named for a now- renamed region of Uganda in Africa, is an emerging disease found primarily in western and central Africa.

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Microorganisms

that find the skin a satisfactory environment are resistant to drying and to relatively high salt concentrations.

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Ophthalmia neonatorum

is a serious form of conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cause of gonorrhea.

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Pseudomonads

frequently cause outbreaks of Pseudomonas dermatitis.

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fasciitis

Necrotizing is often associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptococcal TSS), which resembles staphylococcal TSS.

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thick portion

The dermis is the inner, relatively of skin, composed mainly of connective tissue.

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Competition swimmers

are often troubled with otitis externa, or "swimmers ear, "a painful infection of the external ear canal leading to the eardrum that is frequently caused by pseudomonads.

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skin rash

A(n) that arises from disease conditions is called an exanthem; on mucous membranes, such as the interior of the mouth, such a rash is called an enanthem.

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Herpes simplex viruses

(HSV) can be separated into two identifiable groups, HSV- 1 and HSV- 2.

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Conjunctivitis

is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, often called by the common name red eye, or pinkeye.

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Acne

is probably the most common skin disease in humans, affecting an estimated 17 million people in the United States.

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S aureus

All humans possess antibodies against , but they do not effectively prevent repeated infections.

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Inflammatory

(moderate) acne arises from bacterial action, especially Cutibacterium acnes, an anaerobic diphtheroid commonly found on the skin.

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Cold sores

, caused by herpesvirus infections, are often confused with canker sores.

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skin syndrome

Scalded is also characteristic of the late stages of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) ..

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Chlamydial conjunctivitis

, or inclusion conjunctivitis, is quite common today.

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Measles

(rubeola) is an extremely contagious viral disease spread by the respiratory route.

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superficial skin surfaces

On , certain aerobic bacteria produce fatty acids from sebum.

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Mucous membranes

are often acidic, which tends to limit their microbial populations.

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Staphylococci

are the most important causative organism of impetigo.

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There are two basic forms of this disease

variola major, with a mortality rate of 20-60% and over 80% in children, and variola minor, with a mortality rate of less than 1%

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Shingles is simply a different expression of the virus that causes chickenpox

different because the patient, having had chickenpox, now has partial immunity to the virus