Chapter 21: Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Malassezia furfur

Malassezia furfur

A yeast, ________, is capable of growing on oily skin secretions and is associated with the scaling skin condition known as dandruff.

Staphylococci

________ are spherical gram- positive bacteria that form irregular clusters like grapes.

P aeruginosa

________ produces several exotoxins that account for much of its pathogenicity.

Vesicles

________ larger than about 1 cm in diameter are termed bullae.

1941

The seriousness of rubella was not appreciated until ________, when certain severe birth defects were associated with maternal infection during the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy, a condition called congenital rubella syndrome.

Comedonal

________ (mild) acne is usually treated with topical agents such as azelaic acid, salicyclic acid preparations, or retinoids (which are derivatives of vitamin A, such as tretinoin, tazarotene, or adapalene)

Middle Ages

During the ________, an estimated 80 % of the population of Europe contracted smallpox* at some time during their lives.

Mucous membranes

________ are often folded to maximize surface area.

Shingles

________ is simply a different expression of the virus that causes chickenpox: different because the patient, having had chickenpox, now has partial immunity to the virus.

HSV

________- 1 infection can be transmitted by skin contact among wrestlers; this is colorfully termed herpes gladiatorum.

Reyes syndrome

________ is an occasional severe complication of chickenpox, influenza, and some other viral diseases.

Buruli ulcer

________, named for a now- renamed region of Uganda in Africa, is an emerging disease found primarily in western and central Africa.

Microorganisms

________ that find the skin a satisfactory environment are resistant to drying and to relatively high salt concentrations.

Ophthalmia neonatorum

________ is a serious form of conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cause of gonorrhea.

Pseudomonads

________ frequently cause outbreaks of Pseudomonas dermatitis.

fasciitis

Necrotizing ________ is often associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptococcal TSS), which resembles staphylococcal TSS.

thick portion

The dermis is the inner, relatively ________ of skin, composed mainly of connective tissue.

Competition swimmers

________ are often troubled with otitis externa, or "swimmers ear, "a painful infection of the external ear canal leading to the eardrum that is frequently caused by pseudomonads.

skin rash

A(n) ________ that arises from disease conditions is called an exanthem; on mucous membranes, such as the interior of the mouth, such a rash is called an enanthem.

Herpes simplex viruses

________ (HSV) can be separated into two identifiable groups, HSV- 1 and HSV- 2.

Conjunctivitis

________ is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, often called by the common name red eye, or pinkeye.

Acne

________ is probably the most common skin disease in humans, affecting an estimated 17 million people in the United States.

S aureus

All humans possess antibodies against ________, but they do not effectively prevent repeated infections.

Inflammatory

________ (moderate) acne arises from bacterial action, especially Cutibacterium acnes, an anaerobic diphtheroid commonly found on the skin.

Cold sores

________, caused by herpesvirus infections, are often confused with canker sores.

skin syndrome

Scalded ________ is also characteristic of the late stages of t__oxic shock syndrome (TSS) .__.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

________, or inclusion conjunctivitis, is quite common today.

Measles

________ (rubeola) is an extremely contagious viral disease spread by the respiratory route.

superficial skin surfaces

On ________, certain aerobic bacteria produce fatty acids from sebum.

Mucous membranes

________ are often acidic, which tends to limit their microbial populations.

Staphylococci

________ are the most important causative organism of impetigo.

There are two basic forms of this disease

variola major, with a mortality rate of 20-60% and over 80% in children, and variola minor, with a mortality rate of less than 1%

Shingles is simply a different expression of the virus that causes chickenpox

different because the patient, having had chickenpox, now has partial immunity to the virus