ATI TEAS EXAM SCIENCE Review

Where does fertilization begin?

End of Fallopian tube

What gland produces TSH?

Pituitary gland

What are the 2 major parts of the nervous system?

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerve fibers that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body, including the neck and arms, torso, legs, skeletal muscles and internal organs.

What produces bile?

Liver

Where is urine stored?

Bladder

What is the job of the circulatory system?

The systemic circulation is the portion of the circulatory system is the network of veins, arteries and blood vessels that transports blood from heart, services the body's cells and then re-enters the heart

Know job of Amylase & Lipase

Amylase break down starch Lipase- break down fat

Know what osteoblasts & osteoclasts do

Osteoblasts - builds bone Osteoclasts -

absorbs/breaks down -a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing.

Nucleus

tells others their function and is where DNA is stored.

Villa

increase surface area absorption.

Bile

neutralizes stomach acid.

Carbohydrates

convert starch and glycogen into sugar.

Diffusion

goes from one area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Golgi apparatus

stores in packages, everything for the body.

Water moves through the cell membrane by proteins.

True or False

True

Spleen helps fight infections and filters blood.

True or False

True

What is an example of a disease where the immune system attacks itself?

MS-Multiple Sclerosis

Neuron

sends electrical impulses.

Water and Vitamin K

are stored in the large intestines.

Nutrients are stored in

the small intestines.

Myelin sheath

coats/insulates/ increases the speed of electrical impulses.

What happens if acetylcholinesterase is inhibited by the synapse?

Muscle contractions/ spasms

Where are gastrulation cells?

Within germ cells.

The myocardium is the

layer of the heart that contains striated muscle fibers for contraction.

Hypothalamus

controls the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.

Interstitial fluid is found in

the tissue around the cells.

Pulmonary artery is the blood vessel containing the _______ oxygenated blood.

least/most

Pulmonary artery is the blood vessel containing the least oxygenated blood.

The left ventricle is the______ muscular.

least/most

most

Plasma cell secretes__________.

antibodies

Cellular differentiation is the process by which

simple cells become highly specialized cells.

Myelinated levels of thyroxine will do what to the heart?

Increase heart rate.

Which of the following has the least amount of sweat glands?

The back.

What is the first stage of mitosis?

Prophase. {{PMAT}}

***Pass Me a Tissue***

Prophase: During this first mitotic stage, the nucleolus fades and chromatin (replicated DNA and associated proteins) condenses into chromosomes. Each replicated chromosome comprises two chromatids, both with the same genetic information. Microtubules of the cytoskeleton, responsible for cell shape, motility and attachment to other cells during interphase, disassemble. And the building blocks of these microtubules are used to grow the mitotic spindle from the region of the centrosomes.

Metaphase: Tension applied by the spindle fibers aligns all chromosomes in one plane at the center of the cell.

Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, the kinetochores separate, and the chromatids (daughter chromosomes) are pulled apart and begin moving to the cell poles.

Telophase: The daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and the spindle fibers that have pulled them apart disappear.

Glucose ______ not a product of respiration.

is/is not

is

What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from Air to the blood?

Diffusion

"Lungs in high compliance" means

your tissues are damaged which causes emphysema

(Smoking & air pollutants)

Left hemisphere is responsible for

speech and lies in part of the brain Broca's.

The Seminiferous tubules are responsible for

producing sperm cells.

The _______ stage in gestation is_______.

first

zygote

DNA is a molecule that must undergo

replication before cell division can occur.

Hypotonic

is concentration of solutes is greater on the inside of the cell than outside of the cell and the cell will swell.

Leydig cells produces

testosterone in the presence of LH.

Peroxisomes are for

detoxification and moving out of waste.

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced

in the liver.

Pericardium is ____________ ____________ surrounding the heart.

double membrane

Myocardium is ____________ ____________ of the heart.

muscular layer

Septum layer

dividing the heart chambers.

Sinoatrial node is the heart's

pacemaker.

The cerebellum is responsible for

muscle contraction is part of the brain.

What process produces gametes?

Meiosis

What is it called when gametes produce a zygote?

Fertilization.

What layer of skin are sebaceous glands found?

Dermis.

Catalysts alter ___________ energy to control rate of a chemical reaction.

activation/passive

activation

What organ gets rid of nitrogenous wastes from the body?

Kidneys

What organelle transports energy that comes from food?

Golgi apparatus

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

What else does the circulatory system transport?

Endocrine hormones

When someone has an infection they have an_________________ in white blood cells.

increase/decrease

increase

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide Exchange?

Diffusion down concentration gradient.

What organ gets rid of metabolic waste?

Large intestines

What is it called when the immune system attacks the nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis.

What neutralizes acid chyme in the intestines?

Pancreatic secretions.

What is the function of the myelin sheath in the neurons?

Insulation

Peptide an example of condensation is?

Dew drops on leaf

What kind of tissue is the spinal cord?

Nervous

What produces blood cells?

Bone marrow.

What produces osteoporosis?

A decrease in the osteoblast activity and normal osteoclast activity.

Plasma Membrane-

found in all cells

Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP

Golgi Apparatus- package/stores proteins

Lysosomes- digest protein, carbs, and lipids. And gets rid of worn out particles Ribosomes- protein synthesis

Nucleus- where DNA is located and tells cells their functions

Peroxisomes- oxidation and detoxification... for moving out waste from cells in liver

What is found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes cells? -

Cell Membrane/Plasma membrane, DNA, Ribosomes

How does water move through the cell membranes? -

Proteins

Ribosomes-

a cell that is able to make copies of genetic info but is unable to produce encoded proteins.