🧠 VNSG 1509 — Exam 1 APPLYING-LEVEL Quizlet

A nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. Which lab value best indicates progression to AIDS?

CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm³

Which body fluid places a patient at highest risk for HIV transmission during sexual contact?

Semen

A nurse notes a temperature of 102°F, heart rate of 112, respiratory rate of 24, and WBC of 14,000. How should the nurse interpret these findings?

The patient meets criteria for SIRS

A patient with suspected sepsis is hypotensive and tachycardic. What is the nurse's priority action?

Initiate intravenous fluids

Which assessment finding indicates early sepsis rather than late sepsis?

Warm, flushed skin

A patient with gallstones reports right upper quadrant pain after meals. Which diet should the nurse reinforce?

Low-fat diet

Which food choice should a patient with chronic cholecystitis avoid?

Avocado

A patient with pancreatitis reports severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Keep the patient NPO

Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be elevated in acute pancreatitis?

Amylase and lipase

A patient with bowel obstruction is vomiting and has abdominal distention. What prescription should the nurse anticipate?

Nasogastric tube insertion

A patient with ulcerative colitis reports frequent stools. Which additional symptom should the nurse expect?

Rectal bleeding

Which finding best differentiates Crohn disease from ulcerative colitis?

Presence of fistulas

A patient with IBS asks how to manage symptoms. Which statement indicates correct understanding?

"I will eat small, frequent meals."

A nurse teaches a patient with dumping syndrome. Which behavior shows correct understanding?

Eating six small meals per day

Which dietary change is most appropriate for a patient experiencing dumping syndrome?

Avoid drinking fluids with meals

A patient with liver failure develops ascites. Which lab value should the nurse monitor closely?

Albumin

Which assessment finding suggests hepatic encephalopathy?

Change in handwriting

A patient with hepatitis A asks how they contracted the disease. Which response is correct?

"It can be spread through contaminated food or water."

A nurse prepares medications for H. pylori infection. Which prescription is appropriate?

Amoxicillin and omeprazole

A patient with peptic ulcer disease suddenly reports severe abdominal pain. What should the nurse do first?

Notify the health care provider

A nurse provides postoperative teaching after hernia repair. Which instruction is most important?

Report redness and drainage at the surgical site

Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a patient with acute cholecystitis?

Ondansetron

A patient with chronic liver disease develops confusion. Which medication may be prescribed to reduce ammonia levels?

Lactulose

Which assessment finding in an older adult with a UTI suggests delirium?

Sudden onset of confusion

Which intervention best reduces the risk of HIV transmission during sexual activity?

Routine condom use

A nurse teaches about HIV prevention. Which statement requires further teaching?

"Anal intercourse is low risk for HIV transmission."

Which step occurs FIRST in HIV replication?

Binding to the CD4 receptor

Which finding indicates acute kidney injury?

Elevated creatinine level

A nurse is caring for a patient with CHF. Which finding indicates fluid overload?

Weight gain and crackles

Which diet should the nurse reinforce for a patient with ascites?

Low-sodium diet