US History II Midterm

Yellow Journalism

sensational reporting to attract readers

Imperialism

economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weak nation

Anglo-Saxonism

English speaking nations have superior character, ideas, and system of government

Autonomy

offer rejected-right to own government

Sphere of Influence

economic development controlled by imperial power

Roosevelt Corollary

US would interfere in Latin American affairs to protect political and economic stability (added to Monroe Doctrine)

Open Door Policy

all countries can trade with China

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Great Britain gives up influence in region and give US exclusive rights to build any proposed canal through Central America

Progressivism

collection of different ideas and activities to fix social problems, created by urbanization and industrialism

Muckraker

journalists who investigate social problems

Protectorate

Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Pan-Americanism

U.S. and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade

jingoism

Attitude of aggressive nationalism

Social Darwinism

economic, political, military competition, only strongest nation will survive

Dollar Diplomacy

Exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Pocket veto

session of congress expires without president signing (legislation)

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Direct Primary

A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

Suffrage

right to vote

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages, alcohol responsible for American problems

Arbitration

settlement by outside party

Insubordination

disobedience to authority

Syndicate

business group

Federal Trade Commission

does not want to break up business but minimize activities which limits competition

Clayton Antitrust Act

no price discrimination, unions can exist, correct deficiencies in the Sherman Antitrust Act

Federal Reserve Act

established system as the central bank of the US to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more monetary system

Children's Bureau

Investigated and publicized problems with child labor

Pure Food and Drug Act

ensure correctly labeled food

New Nationalism

federal power to regulate business monopolies

New Freedom

Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete

KKK

political and social terrorists during Reconstruction/white supremacists/secret society

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Federal law granting citizenship to former slaves, intended to override black codes, Johnson

Radical Republicans

South should be punished, prevent confederate leaders from returning to power, establish rep party in south, African American equality

Freedmen's Bureau

fed and clothes refugees, A.A., etc.

Graft

corruption

Recall

option to voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official before term expires

Tenant Farmers

a person who farms rented land, pay rent on land

Sharecroppers

a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

Debt Peonage

a system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid

Boomtowns

a town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity

Self-Determination

idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government

Armistice

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

Deportation

deporting a foreigner from a country

Gross National Product

total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year

Jane Addams

Founder of Settlement House Movement, president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, woman's suffrage

William Jennings Bryan

prosecuted John Scopes for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school, lawyer, politician, advocated free silver

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist, before Teddy and after Cleveland

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist. anti-lynching crusade, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores

Booker T. Washington

one of the country's primary advocates for racial equality, former slave, 1st pres of Tuskegee Normal, educator

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

William Tweed (Boss Tweed)

political boss of New York who used corruption to cheat the city out of over 100 million, Tammany Hall

W.R. Hearst and J. Pulitzer

publisher, and newspaper owner who took advantage of events (especially in Cuba) to attempt to attract readers. Ethically how far could they take it? Also increased public opinion in favor of the rebels in Cuba.

Alfred T. Mahan

the influence of sea power upon history, protect merchant ships, territory overseas for bases, defend +ruding right

George Dewey

Navy admiral, only person to gain rank, Battle of Manilla Bay, spanish-us war, lost 1 crewman, capture the Philippines

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president. restoration plan

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

Thomas Edison

Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history, first American business trust

Andrew Carnegie

steel industry, slashed wages of workers who made him rich

Ulysses S. Grant

18th pres, ked union army to victory in the American Civil war, former sec of war

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs

Herbert Hoover

former Secretary of Commerce and Republican candidate for President in 1928, serve food

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.

Calvin Coolidge

30th president, immigration act of 1924, support womans suffrage, restored public confidence in white house

William Howard Taft

1908 election, 27th pres, 10th chief justice, interstate commerce commission, prosecuted,over 75 antitrust violations, 16th amendment

Sedition act of 1918

illegal any public expression or opposition to the war

Jim Crows Laws

enforced segregation

Monopoly

single company achieves control of an entire market

Steerage

cheap accommodation on steamships

Nativism

protecting interests of native-born against those of immigrants

Tenements

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived (great depression)

Political Machine

party bosses, graft, Tammany hall organizations linked to a political party that often controlled local government

philanthropy

Charitable donation to public causes

Vertical integration

company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation

Panic of 1873

Railroad company fails, banks spiral, etc.

Populism

(the peoples party) increase farmers' political power, legislation in their interest/prices drop, technology causes increase in supply

Propaganda

information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause

Party Bosses

a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, (cities expand, new inventions, rapid industrial growth, rise of new values) despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

Individualism

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

Americanization

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens (teach english, American history, citizenship)

Horizontal Integration

the combining of competing firms into one corporation

Welfare Capitalism

capitalism characterized by a concern for the welfare of various social groupings (social-security programs, collective-bargaining agreements, state industrial codes, and other guarantees against insecurity)

Jacob Riis

how the other half lives, published photos and descriptions of poverty disease, and crime in NYC

Robert La Follete

Laboratory for Democracy, posted for direct primary, Republican, Wisconsin gov

John T. Scopes

Tennessee biology teacher, taught evolution for social experiment put on trial "Monkey Trial" case, (fined and charges later dropped)

Grover Cleveland

election of 1884, 22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

Woodrow Wilson

election of 1912, 28th president of the United States, World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Henry Ford

Assembly line, Model T, increase (85) wages, 8 hour work day, keep unions out, boost-other industries, $5 day generous towards employees

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, started by W.E.B. Du Bois to achieve political rights, believed that it was essential to bring an end to racial discrimination by voting rights

4 causes of the Spanish American War

Cuban Rebellion against Spain (Cuba wants independence). Americans desire to protect investments in Cuba, Yellow Journalism that intensified public anger at Spain, Explosion of the USS Maine

The Panama Canal

US built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

"Speak softly and carry a big stick"

big stick ideology refers to Pres Theo Roosevelt's foreign policy negotiating peacefully but also having the strength in case things go wrong

Relations in Latin America

after Panama Canal \= bad, US want to increase business, import sugar to US

Reconstruction

US questioned how to integrate millions of newly freed slaves into social, political, and labor systems (after civil war)

Settling the West

westward expansion, began with Louisiana Purchase, fueled by Gold Rush, Oregon Trail and manifest destiny, cheap land, dry farming, cattle farms

Industrialization

development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

Urban America

continuously built up area with a population of 50k or more, earl yon poverty, crime alcohol, etc., make up of city itself, living in city bad but changes