STRUCTURAL AND OBSTRUCTIVE BOWEL DISORDERS (FERNANDEZ & LOLO)

Obstruction

A condition of being clogged or blocked in the bowel.

Partial Blockage

When the bowel is partly blocked, some gas, food, and liquid can still pass through.

Complete Blockage

A total blockage in the affected part of the intestine, preventing anything from passing through.

Pseudo-obstruction

Symptoms of a bowel obstruction without an actual blockage; caused by issues with gastrointestinal muscles or nerves.

Intestinal Obstruction

A partial or complete blockage of the bowel preventing the contents from passing through.

Small bowel obstruction

Most obstructions (approximately 80%) occur in the small intestine.

Large bowel obstruction

Accounts for about 20% of all intestinal blockages.

Mechanical Obstruction

Occurs when intestinal wall muscles fail to contract normally.

Functional Obstruction

Blockage of the bowel lumen that physically blocks the intestine.

Adhesions

Bands of fibrous tissue that can form between abdominal tissues and organs, potentially causing obstructions.

Hernia

Occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place.

Volvulus

A condition where part of the intestine loops around and folds over itself, cutting off blood supply.

Crohn’s Disease

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can lead to scarring and narrowing of the intestine.

Intussusception

When one part of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent section, leading to obstruction.

Hemorrhoids

Varicose veins in the anal canal causing discomfort, bleeding, and swelling.

Internal Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids that occur inside the rectum above the dentate line.

External Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids that occur under the skin around the anus below the dentate line.

Nursing Diagnosis

A clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems.

Postoperative Care

Care provided to the patient after surgery that includes monitoring and managing pain and complications.

Complications

Adverse conditions that may occur following a surgery or medical treatment.