Periodicity trends

Atomic Radius & periodicity

Atomic radius is the size of an atom and it decreases through from left to right because of the increased protons pulling the v.e closer, but it increases from top to bottom since there are more electron shells.

Ionization & periodicity

Ionization is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the atom. It Increases from left to right because of the strong attraction with so many protons, but decreases from top to bottom since the attraction is diminished by electron shells distancing electrons from protons.

Electron Affinity & Periodicity

Electron affinity is the ability of an atom to gain an electron. It increases from left to right because the higher nuclear charge (protons) attracts them more. It decreases from top to bottom since the added electron shells place the electrons further away, decreasing the attraction.

Electronegativity & Periodicity

Electronegativity is how strongly an atom attracts shared electrons towards itself. Increases from left to right thanks to attraction created by nuclear charge. It decreases from top to bottom since the increased electron levels reduce the nucleus’ pull on electrons.