BIO topic 6: evidence for evolution

macro evolution

evolutionary change above the species level

direct observations

evolution of antibiotic resistance

homologous traits

Comparative embryology: homologous features visible during embryonic development

comparative anatomy: homologous features visible on infants after birth

molecular homology

homologies are demonstrated by similarities in genetic make-up inherited from a common ancestor

fossils

remains of species in earths history

Fossil eveidence

Record is incomplete and biased

they offer: biology of extinct species

origin of some clades

relative branching

tracking of evolution over a long time

calibration of geological time

Biogeography

study of past and present geographic distribution of species

endemic species

biological taxa that are native to a specific geographic area and not found in other regions