Chapter 1 Vocab- "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair

exuberance

effusively and almost uninhibitedly enthusiastic; lavishly abundant

hither and thither

here and there

exhorting

urging, advising, or cautioning earnestly; encouraging

proprieties

the conventional standards of proper behavior; manners

personage

a person of distinction or importance

cortege

a procession, especially a ceremonial one

throng

a crowd of people assembled together

precipitately

to bring about prematurely, hastily, or suddenly

converse

familiar talk; conversation

wan

showing or suggesting ill health, fatigue, unhappiness, etc.

muslin

a cotton fabric made in various degrees of fineness and often printed, woven, or embroidered in patterns

incongruous

not harmonious in character; out of place

clad

dressed or covered in something

viands

articles or dishes of food

imbibe

to take or receive into the mind

badinage

light, playful bantering or raillery

insignia

a badge or distinguishing mark of honor

capering

leaping or skipping about in a sprightly manner

frenetically

in a frantic or frenzied way

gaunt

extremely thin and bony

lugubrious

mournful, dismal, or gloomy

heed

to give careful attention to

squalor

filth and misery

swain

a male admirer or lover

romping

to play or frolic in a lively or boisterous manner

complacently

pleasantly, often without awareness of potential danger or defect

smites

strikes or hits hard

solemnity

the act of being grave or serious

seraphically

angelically; resembling a seraphim or angel

gaily

merrily or joyfully

invalid

an infirm or sickly person

perforce

necessarily; by force of circumstance

revelers

people who create boisterous merrymaking or festivities

imprudent

lacking discretion; incautious

veselija

the Lithuanian word for “wedding”

quaff

to drink a beverage, especially an intoxicating one, copiously and with hearty enjoyment

exaltation

the state of being raised in rank, honor, or power

accursed

under a curse; doomed; ill-fated

ponas

Lithuanian word for “sir”

calamity

a great misfortune or disaster

hapless

unlucky or unfortunate

schooner

a very tall glass

sodden

soaked with liquid or moisture; also used to describe people who are drunk

rheumatism

any disorder of the extremities or back, characterized by pain and stiffness

stupor

suspension of sensibility, usually caused by drunkenness

maudlin

tearfully or weakly emotional

scant

barely sufficient in amount or quantity

deity

a god or goddess

incommoding

disturbing or discomforting