Parts of Cell

Nucleus

Control center / contains DNA

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like space between Nucleus and Plasma Membrane

Plasma Membrane

Transparent barrier for cell contents that controls transport in and out

Mitochondria

Makes ATP

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Has ribosomes and transports chemicals within the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Provides material to repair cell damages

Golgi Apparatus

Quality control of proteins, Packages correct protein into vesicles, and Transports protein out of the cell

Lysosomes

Destroys invaders and unusable/worn out organelles and deals with Apoptosis

Cytoskeleton

Protein structure network throughout Cytoplasm that is responsible for cell shape

Centrioles

Nine triplets of microtubules that direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

Cilia

Short hairs that move materials across cell surface / Moves mucus

Flagella

Long tail of the cell found in sperm that propels the cell

Microvilli

Tiny, finger-like extensions of the Plasma Membrane that increases surface area for more absorption found in the small intestine

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of two or more components

Solvent

Dissolving medium present in the larger quantity

Solute

Components in smaller quantity within Solution

Suspension

Mixture where the solute does not dissolve

Passive Transportation

High to low concentration transport that does not require ATP

Simple Diffusion

Transportation of any chemical from high to low concentration without ATP use

Facilitated Diffusion

Simple Diffusion that is facilitated by protein channels

Osmosis

Diffusion of only water

Filtration

Transportation of chemicals from high to low pressure

Active Transportation

Low to high concentration transport that does require ATP

Carrier Proteins

Pumps located on the Plasma Membrane that ustilizes Active Transportation

Endocytosis

In-cell-process / Chemicals that are too large to enter the cell any other way utilize this

Phagocytosis / Pinocytosis

Eating / Drinking

Exocytosis

Out-cell-process / Chemicals that are too large to leave the cell any other way utilize this

Mitosis / Mitotic Cell Division

Repair or Replace cells

Replication

Doubles DNA of the cell before Mitosis / Part 1 of Cell Division

Mitosis

Doubles the cell’s Nucleus / Part 2 of Cell Division

Prophase

Nuclear Envelope disappears / All organelles except Centriole disappears / Phase 1 of Mitosis

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell / Phase 2 of Mitosis

Anaphase

Chromosomes break and move to two poles of the cell / Phase 3 of Mitosis

Telophase

Nuclear Envelope and organelles reappear / Cleavage Furrow / Phase 4 of Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Doubles Cytoplasm / Separation of two daughter cells’ cytoplasm / Part 3 of Cell Division

Interphase

Non-dividing phase of cell cycle

Cell

Basic structural and functional unit of the body

Cytosol

This is the semi-fluid substance that makes up the bulk of the cytoplasm, containing water, dissolved molecules, and ions

Organelles

Small organs for metabolism / Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions (Component of Cytoplasm)

Inclusions

Cell’s pantry / These are non-functional components within the cytoplasm, including stored nutrients, secretory products, and pigment granules

Nuclear Envelope

This is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. It has pores that allow the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

Chromatin

DNA and proteins in Nucleus

Nucleolus

This is a dense, spherical structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled. It is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosomes.