WHAP Units 3 & 4 Academic Vocabulary

DO NOT only memorize the meanings, learn the meaning of the word in a historical context

voyaging

a course of travel or passage, especially a long journey by water to a distant place.

commodity

an article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service.

transoceanic

extending across or traversing the ocean

reconnaissance

a general examination or survey of a region, can be for military, geology, or for civil purposes

sponsorship

the position or function of a person or group who vouches for support, advises or helps fund another person or an organization or project

serfdom

the condition of being a serf in a position of servitude, required to render services to a lord

hemisphere

half of the terrestrial globe or celestial sphere, especially one of the halves into which the earth is divided.

monopoly

exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.

characterized

having been described or distinguished

vermin

obnoxious, or mean and offensive person or people

commercialization

the condition of being focused on the profitable aspects of something, especially to excess

the act or process of making something available for sale or viable as a profitable commodity

circulation

orderly movement through a circuit

current (ocean)

a flowing; flow, as of a river, something that flows, as a stream.

maritime

associated with the sea or waterways to the sea in relation to navigation, shipping

depletion

to decrease seriously or exhaust the abundance or supply of

prestige

reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.

distinction or reputation attaching to a person or thing and thus possessing a cachet for others or for the public

naval

of or relating to ships of all kinds

syncretic

combining or bringing together different philosophical, religious, or cultural principles and practices

proliferation

a rapid and often excessive spread or increase

charter

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges

colony

a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation

any people or territory separated from but subject to a ruling power

classification

to arrange or organize by classes; order according to class.

incorporation

the act of puting or introducing into a body or mass as an integral part or parts

fluctuated

to change continually; shift back and forth; vary irregularly

chattel

a human being considered to be property; an enslaved person

consolidate

to bring together (separate parts) into a single or unified whole; unite; combine

to make solid or firm; solidify; strengthen

foster

to promote the growth or development of; further; encourage

legitimize

to make in accordance with established rules, principles, or standards.

notion

a general understanding; vague or imperfect conception or idea of something

utilized

to put to use; turn to profitable account

revenue

the income of a government from taxation, excise duties, customs, or other sources, appropriated to the payment of the public expenses

manufactured

the making of goods or wares by manual labor or by machinery, especially on a large scale

traditional

the handing down of statements, beliefs, legends, customs, information, etc., from generation to generation, especially by word of mouth or by practice

salaried

receiving a salary:

tribute

a stated sum or other valuable consideration paid by one sovereign or state to another in acknowledgment of subjugation or as the price of peace, security, protection, or the like

rivalries

the action, position, or relation of a rival or rivals; competition

resistance

the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding

piracy

practice of a pirate; robbery or illegal violence at sea.