Paints & Wallpapers

Paint

• Coating or covering material

• Decorative or protective purposes

Wallpaper

• Decorative paper or material

• Covers walls and ceilings

Vernacular

• Form of language or dialect native to a region or country

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

• Chemical compounds that release as gasses or vapors from the paint as it dries

Pigment

Paint Composition:

• 20%

• Provides color and opacity

Binder (Resin)

Paint Composition:

• 40%

• Holds pigments in place

Extender

Paint Composition:

• 20%

• Improves adhesion and strength

• Reduces binder use

Solvent (Thinner)

Paint Composition:

• 15%

• Adjusts viscosity for application

Additives

Paint Composition:

• 5%

• Modifies the properties of the liquid paint or dry film

Dispersants

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To separate and stabilize pigment particles

Silicon

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To improve weather resistance

Thixotropic Agents

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To give paints a jelly-like consistency

• Breaks down to a liquid when stirred

Driers

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To accelerate drying time

Anti-Settling Agents

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To prevent pigment settling

Bactericides

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To preserve water-based paints in the can

Fungicides & Algaecides

Types of Additives (Paint Composition):

• To protect exterior paint films against molds and lichen

Water-Based Paints

Types of Paint:

• Uses water as the solvent

• Fast-drying

• Low odor; Low VOCs

• Easy cleanup

Acrylic Paint

Types of Water-Based Paint:

• Fast-drying, flexible, resistant to cracking

• Water-soluble when Wet

• Water-resistant when Dry

Emulsion Paint

Types of Water-Based Paint:

• Hardening, good color retention, alkali resistant

• Fast drying

• Easy to clean with water

• Needs primer on rough walls

Latex Paint

Types of Water-Based Paint:

• Low-VOC; Low odor; Non-toxic

• Quick drying

• Less glossy

• Not ideal for metal

Oil-Based Paints

Types of Paint:

• Uses mineral spirits, turpentine, or other organic solvents

• Slow drying

• Strong odor; Higher VOCs

• Prone to yellowing

Enamel Paint

Types of Oil-Based Paint:

• Glossy

• Waterproof

• Excellent coverage

• Moisture and chemical resistant

• Slow-drying

• Strong odor

• Can yellow over time

Bituminous Paint

Types of Oil-Based Paint:

• Waterproof and alkali-resistant

• Protects metal from corrosion

• Inexpensive

• Only available in black

• Softens under heat

Aluminum Paint

Types of Oil-Based Paint:

• Waterproof and corrosion-resistant

• Resistant to electricity and weathering

• Visible in the dark

• Aesthetically appealing

• Reflects heat and light

• Limited color choice

Anti-Corrosive

Types of Oil-Based Paint:

• Prevents rusting

• Provides a protective barrier

• Usually dull-colored

Eggshell Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Low-sheen finish (between matte and satin),

• Washable

• Smooth texture

• Hides imperfections

Satin Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Soft sheen

• Smooth texture

• Shows surface flaws

• Touch-ups can be visible

Matte Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Flat and non-reflective finish

• Hides imperfections well

• Not washable

• Absorbs stains easily

Flat Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Non-reflective

• Smooth finish

• Great coverage

• Not washable

• Marks easily

Semi-Gloss Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Moisture-resistant

• Washable

• Reflects light

• Highlights wall imperfections

Gloss Paint

Types of Finish Paints:

• Shiny and highly reflective

• Highlights surface imperfections

• Requires good prep work

Primer Paint

Types of Functional Paints:

• Seals the surface

• Prevents absorption

• Increases the durability of the topcoat

• prevents stains or rust

Epoxy Paint

Types of Functional Paints:

• Chemical and abrasion resistant

• Glossy finish

• Complex mixing

• Difficult to remove or repaint

Rubber Paint

Types of Functional Paints:

• Elastic

• Waterproof

• Chemical and weather resistant

• Resists cracking and peeling

• Limited color selection

• Not ideal for indoor walls

Bleaching

Types of Paint Defects:

• Yellowing of the surface where filler was used underneath

• Excess quantities of peroxide

Bleeding

Types of Paint Defects:

• Discoloration

• When base coat mix with the new layer due to the solvents

Blistering

Types of Paint Defects:

• Bubbles on the paint surface

• Visible on the top layer

• Trapped moisture, air, or solvents under the paint

Blowing

Types of Paint Defects:

• Large rounded air bubbles

• Occurs in over heavily filled plastic surfaces

• Due to trapped air

Blooming & Blushing

Types of Paint Defects:

• Milky white haze or mist forms on the surface

• Moisture entrapment

Chalking

Types of Paint Defects:

• Dusting or powdering at the paint surface

• From old and weathered paint film

• Paint material breakdown

Orange Peel

Types of Paint Defects:

• Uneven surface of the paint film

• Improper paint application

Cracking

Types of Paint Defects:

• Forms tiny ___

• Near edges or seam

• Paint film stress and surface flaws

Crazing

Types of Paint Defects:

• Large number of minute cracks

• Stress from improper application

Contamination

Types of Paint Defects:

• Spots, speckles or splash-like deposits

• Greasy or tacky spots

• From foreign substances

Dirt

Types of Paint Defects:

• Rough and irregular surface

• Easily felt with the hand

• From dust and debris

Runs & Sags

Types of Paint Defects:

• Uneven, wavy paint build-up

• Poor application, wrong thinner, low temperature, or surface issues

Water Spotting

Types of Paint Defects:

• Raised bumps that can vary in size

• Often cluster in patches

Flaking

Types of Paint Defects:

• Paint lifts from its underlying surface

• To peel away from the surface

• Paint adhesion failure

Lifting

Types of Paint Defects:

• Shriveling, swellings, wrinkles or folds

• Uneven paint film drying

Brushing

Types of Manual Painting Methods:

• Traditional method using a ___

• Used for small areas, touch-ups, or hard-to-reach spots

Rolling

Types of Manual Painting Methods:

• Involves a ___ to apply paint evenly to flat surfaces

Sponging / Stenciling

Types of Manual Painting Methods:

• ___ or ___ to apply paint

• Creates textured effects or specific patterns

Spray Painting

Types of Paint Spraying Methods:

• Uses ___ or aerosol cans

• Quickly covers large areas

Electrostatic Spraying

Types of Paint Spraying Methods:

• To make paint stick evenly to metal surfaces

• Reducing waste but requiring special tools

Vinyl Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Printed paper covered

• Moisture resistance and ease of cleaning

Non-Woven Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Mix of natural and synthetic fibers (50/50)

• Tear-resistant and washable

• Easy to install and remove

Paper Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Single or double-layered

• Sensitive to moisture

Fabric Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Made from woven materials (silk, linen, cotton)

• Adds a luxurious texture

Peal and Stick Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Removable, with self-adhesive backing

• Best for DIY or temporary décor

• Sticks directly to a clean wall

Foil Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Metallic surface

• Reflective and eye-catching

• Adding light to dark rooms

Flock Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Raised velvet patterns from fiber particles

• For low traffic and dry areas

• Sensitive to moisture and dirt

Glasscloth Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Made from natural fibers (jute, bamboo, seagrass)

• Eco-friendly

• Organic texture

• Sensitive to moisture

3D / Embossed Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Textured or raised

Fabric-Backed Vinyl Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Heavy duty

• Very durable

• Requires special adhesive

Mural Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Large scale

• Custom or pre-designed

• Covers the entire wall

• Comes in panels

• Alignment and precision

Mylar Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Printed Paper coated with a plastic film

• High-gloss finish

• Highlights wall imperfections

Acoustic Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Thick and sound absorbent

• Foam-backed

Washable Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Coated surface

• Water and dirt resistant

• Dependent on the base type

Liquid Wallpaper

Types of Wallpaper:

• Applied like plaster with a trowel

• Made from natural fibers

• Customizable & eco-friendly

• Repairs easily

• Textured and uneven walls

Paste-The-Wall

Types of Installation & Application:

• Adhesive is directly applied to the wall

• Wall must be smooth, primed, and dry

• Good for beginners

• Cleaner and faster

• Less mess

Paste-The-Paper

Types of Installation & Application:

• Pasted on the back before applying to the wall

• Allow “soak time” for the paste to activate

• Traditional method

• Can be messy

• Paper can tear or stretch when wet

Pre-Pasted

Types of Installation & Application:

• Dry adhesive on the back that activates when soaked

• Easy cleanup

• Requires water activation

• Adhesion gets weaker over time

Peel and Stick

Types of Installation & Application:

• Has sticky backing

• Smooth, clean, and dry walls

• No mess and paste

• Easy method

• Removable

• Peeling and bubbling

Unpasted

Types of Installation & Application:

• Applied manually to wall or wallpaper

• Leave to professionals

• Strong adhesive hold

• Time-consuming method

Spray-on Adhesive

Types of Installation & Application:

• Adhesive is sprayed on the wall or wallpaper

• Good ventilation is important

• Consider compatibility with the wallpaper type

• Can be messy

• Not ideal for heavier wallpaper materials

Plaster Application

Types of Installation & Application:

• Using a trowel/spatula

• Requires drying time

• Good for uneven walls

• Custom design repairs are easy

• Hard to remove

Heat-Activated

Types of Installation & Application:

• Strong bond for high traffic areas

• Clean application

• Often reusable

• Needs special tools (heat gun)

Magnetic / Interlocking

Types of Installation & Application:

• Click-lock panels attaching to a base layer

• Reusable

• No paste & no mess

• Expensive

• Limited styles

• Requires a magnetic base layer

Halo

Vernacular Construction Term:

• To mix

• Typically for concrete or mortar

Buhos

Vernacular Construction Term:

• To pour

• Typically for concrete

Asinta

Vernacular Construction Term:

• To lay

• Typically for bricks or hollow blocks

Palitada

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Plastering or cement rendering

Masilya

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Putty for smoothing walls before painting

Hukay

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Excavation or dig

Bungkal

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Breaking or digging up soil/concrete

Kabilya-an

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Rebar work

• Installing reinforcement

Tapal

Vernacular Construction Term:

• To patch and repair holes/cracks

Haligi

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Columns or posts

Capataz

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Supervisor or Head mason

Pisik / Pisikan

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Sprayer or spray gun

Pasamano

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Window sill or ledge

Trabe-an

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Beam

Sipingan / Seping

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Foundation/Footing

Barandilla

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Railing/Balustrade

Pasimano

Vernacular Construction Term:

• Roof eaves or drip edge