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overall energy change is positive reaction is…
endothermic
overall energy change negative reaction is…
exothermic
overall energy change
total energy needed to break bonds MINUS energy released when new bonds form
bond energy
energy needed to break bond + energy released when bond forms
drawing exothermic reactions
put reactants higher than products
drawing endothermic reactions
put reactants lower than products
activation energy
min amount of energy required for a reaction
exothermic
heat released into surroundings
endothermic
heat absorbed from surroundings
fractions contain
mixtures of hydro-carbons (alkanes) with similar boiling points
crude oil
mixture of hydro-carbons that was formed over millions of years from marine organism remains
hydrogen fuel A
-only produces water as a byproduct
-renewable
alkanes bonding
every carbon atom has single bonds
alkene bonding
contains one double carbon bond → rest are single
methene
does not exist
alkene molecules are…
unsaturated + very reactive
alkane molecules are…
saturated + unreactive
hydrocarbon order
meth (many)
eth (elephants)
prop (pray)
but (but)
pent (praying)
hex (hurts)
alkene genreal formula
CnH2n
alkane genreal formula
CnH2n+2
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher use + reason
electrical + chemical → takes away oxygen
hydrogen fuel D
-difficulty storing
-explosive
crude oil negatives
oil spills → ruin livelyhood
crude oil positives
-brings in money for government
-provides jobs
global warming effect
more extreme weather + more flooding
fractional distillation importance in daily lives
produces many useful products (plastic) + important source of fuels
bottom of fractional distillation qualities
-less flammable
-more viscous
-dark
-high boiling point
top of fractional distillation qualities
-more flammable
-less viscous
-light
-low boiling point
hydro-carbons
contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only
fractional distillation
-crude oil 🔥+ ☁ b4 entering column
-small hydrocarbons rises in column + condense
-hydrocarbons w similar bp condense @ same level
-p depends on molecule size → BIG molecules = higher bp