genetic diversity

Flashcards about Taxonomy Classification, Biodiversity, Courtship and Genetic Variation

What is classification?

The process of grouping organisms together.

What is Linnaean Classification?

A system of taxonomic classification that includes kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

What is a kingdom?

Animalia is an example of this.

What is a taxon?

A taxonomic group; each smaller group is within a larger group, and there is no overlapping between groups.

What is a domain?

The largest taxon.

What is binomial naming?

Genus and species.

What is Phylogenetic Classification?

Looks at evolutionary relationships to classify organisms.

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships.

What are genome Sequences?

The more similar the base sequence is between two species, the more closely related they are.

What is immunology?

Comparing the amount of precipitate in humans to other species to determine relatedness.

What is a habitat?

Place where an organism lives.

What is a community?

Populations of different organisms within a habitat.

What is biodiversity?

Variety of living organisms found in a particular place.

What is species richness?

Number of species in a community.

What is the index of diversity?

Uses species richness and number of individuals in each species to measure diversity.

What are farming practices that reduce biodiversity?

Farming practices that include encouraging a monoculture, using herbicides and pesticides, removal of hedges, draining of ponds and marsh, and allowing animals to overgraze.

What is courtship behavior?

Attracts member of same species and opposite sex, indicates readiness to mate, stimulates releasing of gametes, encourages bond to successfully raise young.

Why use random sampling?

To avoid bias.

What is genetic variation?

Members of the same species share the same set of genes but can have different versions of each gene.

What are alleles?

Versions of a gene.

What is independent segregation?

Genetic variation increases as homologous chromosomes randomly line up and separate.

What is crossing over?

Chromatids in each chromosome twist around each other, putting stress on DNA until it breaks and segments rejoin.

What is non-disfunction?

Gametes may contain different numbers of chromosomes.

What is genetic diversity?

Number of different alleles of genes in a population.

What are the types of natural selection?

Directional selection and Stabilising Selection

What is asexual reproduction?

Offspring is genetically identical to parent organism.

What is sexual reproduction?

Two parents contribute genetic material to an offspring.

What are gametes?

Egg cells and sperm cells.

Diploid/Haploid cells

Most cells have 46 chromosomes; exceptions are gametes, which only have 23 chromosomes.