apply quantum mechanics to electrons in atoms

What does the principal (first) quantum number (n) indicate?

It indicates the relative size of the atomic orbital

what is the second quantum number called and what does it represent?

its called the angular momentum quantum number (l). It is related to the shape of an atomic orbital

what is the third Quantum number called and what does it represent?

the magnetic quantum number, and it tells us the orientation in space of a given atomic orbital.

chemists call orbitals of equal energy…

“degenerate” orbitals.

what is a wave amplitude of zero called and what does it tell us?

it’s called a node, and it tells us there is zero probability of locating the electron there

how many orbitals does the 3d sub level contain?

5 orbitals

how many orbitals does the 3s sub level contain?

1 orbital

how many orbitals does the 3p sub level contain?

3 orbitals

how many orbitals does the 4f sub level contain?

7 orbitals

what is the difference between a 1s and a 2s orbital?

A 2s orbital is larger than a 1s orbital, tells us that an electron in a 2s orbital will spend its time further from the nucleus than an electron in a 1s orbital

how many different orbitals are available to an excited hydrogen electron in the fourth energy level?

16 different orbitals. 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f orbitals (4²)

what is the fourth quantum number and what does it tell us?

the spin quantum number, and it tells us the two possible electron spins, either +1/2 or -1/2

what is the Pauli exclusion principle?

no two electrons in the same atom can be described by the same set of four quantum numbers