Skeletal system CH 3

Arthr/o

joint

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

burs/o

bursa

chondr/i, chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

kyph/o

bent, hump

lord/o

curve, swayback, bent

Lumb/o

lumbar, lower back

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

bone

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

acetabulum

also known as the hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

allogenic

originating within another

ankylosing spondylitis

a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

arthrodesis

the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder

arthroscopy

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

autologous

originating within an individual

avascular necrosis

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

bone marrow transplant

a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas

callus

a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing

chondromalacia

abnormal softening of cartilage

comminuted fracture

a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

compression fracture

a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself

costochondritis

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

crepitation

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

dual x-ray absorptiometry

a low exposure radiographic measurment of the spine and hips to measure bone density

fat embolus

the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone fractured

gout

a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

hallux valgus

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

hematopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

internal fixation

fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

kyphosis

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

laminectomy

surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

lordosis

an abnormal increase in the foward curvature of the lumbar spine

lumbago

the general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine

malleolus

a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

manubrium

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

metatarsals

form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached

multiple myeloma

a type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells of the red bone marrow

open fracture

a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

orthopedic surgeon

also known as an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

orthotic

a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

osteitis

inflammation of a bone

osteoarthritis

a type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging

osteochondroma

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

osteomalacia

abnormal softening of bone in adults

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

osteopenia

thinner than average bone density

osteoporosis

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

osteoporotic hip fracture

a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall

paget’s disease

a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissye followed by abnormal bone formation

pathologic fracture

a fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

percutaneous vertebroplasty

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

podiatrist

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

polymyalgia rheumatica

an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints

characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders

upper arms, and hips and thighs.

prosthesis

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part

radiculopathy

a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

rickets

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency

scoliosis

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

spina bifida

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

spinal stenosis

a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

spondylolisthesis

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it

spondylosis

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.

subluxation

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

synovectomy

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usally the knee

vertebrae

bony structural units of the spinal column

synovi/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

synov/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid