Chem 101 Chapter 1

from bommercl on quizlet

Chemistry

the study of matter, its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with these changes

Matter

anything that has mass and volume-the stuff of the universe (books, planets, etc.)

Composition

the types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter

Properties

the characteristics that give each substance a unique identity

Physical Properties

properties which the substance shows by itself without interacting with another substance such as color, melting point, boiling point, density

Chemical Properties

properties which the substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances; flammability, corrosiveness, decomposition, combustibility, rusting, oxidation

Physical Change

a change that is usually reversible when caused by temperature; NOT a change in composition

Chemical Change

change in composition, a different substance; usually NOT reversible

Physical Change

What type of change occurs when ice becomes liquid water?

Chemical Change

What type of change occurs when an electric current decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen?

Solid

state of matter in which particles are close together and organized; always same shape and volume

Liquid

state of matter in which particles are close together but disorganized; particles can move around, but are still mostly stuck together; definite volume; takes shape of container it is put in

Gas

state of matter in which particles are far apart and disorganized; no attraction between particles; particles expand to fill entire container; have shape and volume of container, no definite shape and volume

Energy

the ability to do work

Potential Energy

energy due to the position of the object or energy from a chemical reaction

Kinetic Energy

energy due to the motion of the object

Kinetic Energy

change in potential energy

Conversion Factors

ratios used to express a measured quantity in different units

Base Units

units identified with a physical quantity

Derived Units

combinations of base units

1x10^6

mega (M)

1x10^3

kilo (k)

1x10^-1

Deci (d)

1x10^-2

centi (c)

1x10^-3

milli (m)

1x10^-6

micro (μ)

1x10^-9

nano (n)

1x10^-12

pico (p)

Kelvin

the absolute temperature scale; begins at absolute zero and only has positive values

Celsius

the temperature scale used for scientific work; most commonly used scale around the world

0

freezing in Celsius

100

boiling in Celsius

Fahrenheit

commonly used temperature scale in the US

32

freezing in Fahrenheit

212

boiling in Fahrenheit

K=C+273.15

equation for C to K; K=?

C=K-273.15

equation for K to C; C=?

Density

mass/volume

Intensive Property

type of property that is independent of the amount of substance present

Intensive Property

Is density an intensive or extensive property?

Intensive Property

Is boiling point an intensive or extensive property?

Extensive Property

type of property that is dependent of the amount of substance present

Extensive Property

Is mass an intensive or extensive property?

Extensive Property

Is volume an intensive or extensive property?

Extensive Property

Is length an intensive or extensive property?

5

How many significant figures are contained in 75.008 ft?

1

How many significant figures are contained in 0.0008 mL?

4

How many significant figures are contained in 26850 g?

Exact Numbers

numbers that have no uncertainty associated with them and therefore do not limit the number of significant figures in the answer

Precision

refers to reproducibility or how close the measurements are to one another

Accuracy

refers to how close a measurement is to the actual value