Carbohydrates and Lipids

Glycosidic Bond

Bond between sugars

Starch

Alpha glucose- Amylose (1-4) and Amylopectin (1-4 and 1-6)

Branched, used for energy storage in plants

Cellulose

Beta glucose- Linear, straight strand

Used for plant cell walls

Glycogen

Alpha glucose

Highly branched, energy storage in animals

Glycoprotein

Sugar coated protein

Antibody

Blood protein, bonds with and destroys antigens

Antigen

Foreign substance that induces an immune response

ABO blood system

Blood has certain antigens and antbodies

Triglyceride

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Phospholipid

Glycerol + phosphate group (hydrophilic) + 2 fatty acids (hydrophobic)

Steroid

Derived from cholesterol, 3 hexagones 1 pentagon

Saturated fatty acid

No double bonds, stacks easily (solid at room temp)

Unsaturated fatty acid

Double bonds, doesn’t stack (varying structure), liquid at room temp

Oestradiol

Female sex hormone, anabolic steroids

Testosterone

Male sex hormone, anabolic steroid

Condensation

Two small molecules form a larger one (ex: monosaccharide—> disaccharide), water molecule is formed

Hydrolysis

Water is used to split a larger molecule