ACID BASE EQUILIBRIA

acid and base

• Is an aqueous solution (substance that dissolves in water) that conducts electricity due to the presence of ions (charge particles) that they produced. 

electrolytes solutes

other name for acid and base

aqueous solution

substance that dissolves in water

Svante Arrhenius in 1884

arrhenius theory was proposed by

acids in arrhenius

• as any substance that “ionize” when dissolved in water to give hydrogen ions (H+) and a corresponding negative ion in aqueous solution.

base in arrhenius

• any substance that either dissociate or “ionize” in water to give hydroxide ions (OH-) and a positive ion in aqueous solution.

Gilbert Lewis

lewis theory was propsed by

Gilbert lewis

• he proposed that the electrons (e^-) and not the hydrogen are the ones transferring.”

• the acids and bases can be charged or unionized.”

lewis acid

• is a species that can accept a pair of electrons.

lewis base

• is a species that can donate a pair of electrons

Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry in (1923)

bronsted lowry theory was developed by

bl acid

• is a substance which is capable of “donating a hydrogen (H⁺) proton.”

bl base

• is a substance which is capable of “accepting a hydrogen (H⁺)  proton.” 

bronsted lowry theory

• Introduced the concept of conjugates in the same theory 

conjugate acid base

• is a pair of substances which are related through the loss or gain of a proton.

amphoteric

water is .. meaning it can act as both an acid and a base.  

self ionization

• water undergoes a process called … or autoionization, where water molecules react with each other to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻): 

ph

• measure of acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of an aqueous solution.   

potential or power of hydrogen

pH stands for

ph<7

acidic

ph>7

• indicates a basic (or alkaline) solution.   

ph=7

neutral