HST109 Final

What happened during the election of 1828?

• Development of populism

• beginnings of the Democratic party.

What were the origins of Jim Crow?

White actors in black face in the 1830s.

When did the divisions between North and South begin?

• colonial era

• sewn into the constitution

• during the antebellum era

Where were abolitionists in the population?

Always in the minority.

Who was integral in getting the Gag Rule passed?

Former President Quincy Adams.

What tribe was significantly affected by the Trail of Tears?

The Cherokees.

What was Andrew Jackson considered to be?

an imperial president.

Why was the presidential election of 1832 a turning point?

It was the first election that included national nominating conventions.

What did the Whigs stand for?

• Strong federal government

• pro-BUS

• pro-tariff

• pro-paper money

• pro-international improvements (American System).

What was the main goal of the election of 1844?

Texas annexation.

Who supported the U.S.-Mexican War?

• Zachary Taylor and Polk

• not John Quincy Adams or Lincoln.

What were the consequences of the U.S.-Mexican War?

• Oregon Trail

• California Trail

• Santa Fe Trail.

What is Manifest Destiny?

racial superiority (Anglo-Saxon race is superior)

What could slaves not do in the South that free blacks could do?

Legally marry.

What did urban slavery allow slaves to do?

'Hire their own time' which created more autonomy.

How was racism justified as a 'positive good'?

• A shared belief amongst whites in racism towards blacks and that slavery allowed for their equality and economic autonomy.

• Pseudo-scientific racism.

• Passages from the Bible.

What did the Second Great Awakening inspire?

Other reform movements.

What encouraged reform movements across Europe?

• The Market Revolution

• Second Great Awakening.

What divided women in reform movements?

Class.

What document resulted from the Seneca Falls Convention?

The Declaration of Sentiments.

Who composed the majority of Gold Rush migrants?

Young men, with California's male population outnumbering females 3-1.

Who was most negatively impacted by the Gold Rush?

The Native American population.

What is Nativism?

An anti-immigration movement.

Who welcomed the influx of immigrants?

Industrialists and Western investors.

What were sources of nativism?

• Racial arguments against the Irish

• religious concerns over Catholicism

• fears of foreign 'radicals'.

Where was especially susceptible to nativism?

New England.

Who was drawn to the Democrats' appeal to the common man?

The Irish.

What did Nativist policies advocate for?

• Banning Catholics from office-holding

• more restrictive naturalization and immigration laws

• more restrictive voting laws.

What was compromised in the Compromise of 1850?

The Fugitive Slave Law.

What landmark decision was overturned in the Compromise of 1850?

The Missouri Compromise.

What groups formed the Republican Party?

• Antislavery Democrats

• Northern Whigs

• Free Soilers

• Know-Nothings opposed to the expansion of slavery.

What was the cornerstone of the Republican Party platform?

Free labor.

What did secessionists fear?

The rise of the Republican Party in the South appealing to non-slaveholders.

How many states succeeded to the Confederacy immediately after Lincoln's inauguration?

7 states.

What was the total number of states that seceded and joined the Confederacy?

11 states.

What did Lincoln promise in his inauguration?

• rejected the right of secession

• denied intention to interfere with slavery in the states

• promised to keep federal property in seceding states.

Who supported African Americans fighting for the Union?

Abolitionists.

What did the 13th Amendment achieve?

It abolished slavery.

What roles did African Americans do in both the North and South?

Menial tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, and construction behind Union and Confederate lines.

What advantages did the South have at the start of the Civil War?

• generals

• defending homeland

• horsemen.

What historical precedents influenced the Free Soil Party's opposition to westward expansion of slavery?

• The Northwest Ordinance (1787)

• Missouri Compromise (1820).

What was the context for the Emancipation Proclamation?

It aimed to break the Confederate economy.

What were the new tactics of 'hard war'?

Demoralizing Southerners, destroy the Southern economy, and bring the war to the Southern home front.

What was one effect of the Civil War in the North?

The New York City draft riots.

What are the differences between Irish and German immigrants?

Irish:

• Majority in cities

• Unskilled laborers

German:

• Many moved west

• Skilled craftsmen

What did the North get in the Compromise of 1850?

• Cali admitted as free state

• Slave trade prohibited in D.C.

• Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico

What did the South get in the Compromise of 1850?

• No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories

• Slaveholding permitted in D.C

• Texas gets $10 million

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Bill help to achieve?

Overturning the Missouri Compromise.

What authority did Kansas gain due to the Kansas-Nebraska Bill?

The ability to choose to be free or a slave state (popular sovereignty) based on local elections.

What occurred during the election of 1848?

• The organization of the Free Soil Party

• the nomination of Martin Van Buren.

What were the effects of the Civil War in the South?

Breakdown of white unity and social relations, rise in desertion, and division of the home front.

What changes occurred with the shift from Mexico to Texas?

• Liberties got smaller, mainly just white men who had freedom

• Only whites could buy land and free blacks could not even enter the boundaries of the Republic of Texas

What were some large consequences of the U.S.-Mexican War?

• US was on the path to becoming a world power

• Elevated Zachary Taylor to the presidency

What was the most significant immediate consequence of the U.S.-Mexican War?

It made the U.S. a continental nation.

What racial tensions existed in the North regarding Manifest Destiny?

Federal law barred blacks from accessing public land, and some states prohibited them from entering.