HST109 Final

What happened during the election of 1828?

  • Development of populism 

  • Beginnings of the Democratic party


What was the origins of Jim Crow?

  • White actors in black face in the 1830s


When did the divisions between North and South begin?

  • Colonial era

  • Sewn into the constitution

  • During the antebellum era


Where were abolitionists?

  • Always in the minority


Who was integral in getting the Gag Rule passed?

  • Former President Quincy Adams


What tribe was affected by the Trail of Tears?

  • The Cherokees


What was Andrew Jackson considered?

  • An imperial president


Why was the presidential election of 1832 a turning point?

  • It was the first election that included national nominating conventions


What did the Whigs stand for?

  • Strong federal government

  • pro-BUS

  • Pro-tariff

  • Pro-paper money

  • Pro-international improvements (“American System”)


What was the main goal of the election of 1844?

  • Texas annexation


Who suported the U.S.-Mexican War?

  • Zachary Taylor and Polk

  • Not John Quincy Adams or Lincoln

What were the consequences of the U.S.-Mexican War?

  • Oregon Trail

  • California Trail

  • Santa Fe Trail


What is Manifest Destiny about?

  • about racial superiority (Anglo-Saxon race is superior)


What could slaves not do in the south that free blacks could do?

  • Legally marry


What did urban slavery allow slaves to do?

  • “Hire their own time”

  • Created more autonomy


How was racism backed up as a “positive good”?

  • A shared belief amongst whites in racism towards blacks and that slavery allowed for their equality and economic autonomy.

  • Pseudo-scientific racism.

  • Passages from the Bible.


What did the Second Great Awakening do?

  • inspired other reform movements 


What encouraged other reform movements across Europe?

  • Market Revolution and Second Great Awakening


What divided women in reform movements?

  • Class


What document came out of the Seneca Falls Convention?

  • The declaration of sentiments


Who was the majority of gold rush migrants?

  • Young men, California's male population outnumbered females 3-1


Who did the Gold Rush most negatively impact?

  • The Native American population


What is Nativism?

  • Anti-immigration movement


Who welcomed the influx of immigrants?

  • Industrialists

  • Western investors


What were sources of nativism?

  • Racial arguments against the Irish.

  • Religious concerns over Catholicism.

  • Fears over foreign “radicals.”


Where was especially susceptible to nativism?

  • New England


Who was drawn to the common man appeal of the Democrats?

  • The Irish


What did Nativist policies call for?

  • Banning Catholics from office-holding.

  • More restrictive naturalization and immigration laws.

  • More restrictive voting laws.


What was compromised in the Compromise of 1850?

  • Fugitive slave law


What was overturned in the Compromise of 1850?

  • The Missouri Compromise


What did the Republican Party consist of?

  • Antislavery Democrats

  • Northern Whigs (lincoln)

  • Free Soilers

  • Know-Nothings opposed to the expansion of slavery. 


What was the cornerstone of the Republican Party platform?

  • Free labor


What did secessionists fear?

  • The future rise of the Republican Party in the South by appealing to non-slaveholders.


How many states immediately succeeded to the Confederacy after Lincolns inauguration?

  • 7 states


How many total states succeeded and joined the Confederacy?

  • 11 states


What did Lincoln promise in his inauguration?

  • Rejected the right of secession. 

  • Denied any intention to interfere with slavery in the states.

  • Promised to keep federal property in seceding states.


Who supported African Americans fighting for the Union?

  • Abolitionists 


What did the 13th Amendment do?

  • Abolished slavery


What did African Americans do in both the north and south?

  • Menial tasks, including cooking, cleaning, and construction behind Union and Confederate lines


What are the advantages that the south have at the outset of the civil war?

  • Generals

  • Defending homeland

  • horsemen


What precedent was steeped in the Free Soil Partys opposition to the expansion of slavery westward?

  • Northwest Ordinance, 1787

  • Missouri Compromise, 1820


What was the context for the Emancipation Proclamation?

  • Needed to break the confederate economy


What were the new tactics of “hard war”?

  • demoralize Southerners, destroy the Southern economy and bring the war to the Southern home front.  


What was the effect of the Civil War in the North?

  • New York City draft riots

What are the differences between Irish and German immigrants?

  • Irish:

    • Majority in cities

    • Unskilled laborers

  • German:

    • Many moved west

    • Skilled craftsmen


What did the North get in the Compromise of 1850?

  • Cali admitted as free state

  • Slave trade prohibited in D.C.

  • Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico


What did the South get in the Compromise of 1850?

  • No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories

  • Slaveholding permitted in D.C.

  • Texas gets $10 million


What did the Kansas-Nebraska Bill help do?

  • Overturn the Missouri Compromise


What did Kansas get the ability to do because of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill?

  • Choose if they were free or a slave state (popular sovereignty) depending on the results of the local elections


What happened at the election of 1848?

  • Organization of the Free Soil Party

  • Nomination of Martin Van Buren


What were the effects of the Civil War in the South?

  • ​​Breakdown of white unity and social relations resulted in a rise in desertion and unionism.

  • “Rich man’s war and the poor man’s fight.”

  • Military service took toll on social hierarchy, racial submission and sources of labor for agriculture.

  • Home front is divided and undefended (led to bread riots e.g. Richmond 1863).





What changes happened from the shift of  Mexico to Texas?

  • Liberties got smaller, mainly just white men who had freedom

  • Only whites could buy land and free blacks could not even enter the boundaries of the Republic of Texas


What were enormous consequences of the U.S. Mexican War?

  • US was on the path to becoming a world power

  • Elevated Zachary Taylor to the presidency


What is the most significant immediate short term consequence of the U.S.-Mexican War?

  • Made the U.S. a continental nation


What were some racial tensions in the north with manifest destiny?

  • The West did not offer opportunity to blacks as federal law barred them from access to public land and some states (including Illinois, Iowa and Oregon), prohibited them from entering.