electrolytic cells and cell stoich

where is the SOA and SRA in a redox table in electrolytic cells

SOA is below SRA (non spontaneous so it needs electricity to move)

is Ecell positive or negative here

negative (non spontaneous and tells you amount of voltage needed)

electrons move from

anode (+) to cathode (-) by a power supply

electrolysis

process of supplying electrical energy to force a non spontaneous reaction to occur

what happens in anode and cathode in electrolytic cell: 2

• anode: SRA undergoes oxidation and it is a positive electrode

• cathode: SOA undergoes reduction and it is a negative electrode

in an electrolytic cell, the chemical reaction is the…

…reverse of that of a spontaneous cell (during charging, a secondary cell is functioning as an electrolytic cell)

chloride anomaly:

for electrolysis of solutions containing the chloride ion, the chloride ion acts as the strongest reducing agent, even though the table indicates that it is not

what does the production of active metals from their minerals typically involve the electrolysis of?

molten compounds

why will water be reduced instead of the solid metal you want to produce

active metals are weaker OA than water

in molten-salt electrolysis, where do the metal cations and nonmetal anions move

• metal cations: move to cathode and are reduced to metals

• nonmetal anions: move to anode and are oxidized to nonmetals

electrorefining

process of using an electrolytic cell to obtain high grade metals at the cathode from an impure metal at the anode

electrowinning

process of using an electrolytic cell to reduce metal cations from a molten or aqueous electrolyte at the cathode

electroplating

deposition of a metallic coating onto an object by putting a negative charge onto the object and immersing it into a solution which contains a salt of the metal to be deposited

more electroplating intricacies: 2

• metallic ions of salt carry a positive charge and are attracted to object

• when they reach it, the negatively charged object provides the electrons to reduce the positively charged ions to metallic form

what do oxidation and reduction half reactions allow us to do

establish mole ratios for ions, elements, and electrons

Q=?

Q=It (I as the current and t as the time in seconds)

what is the electrical unit of charge and current?

• charge: coloumb

• current: ampere

what is one coulomb and what is one ampere?

coulomb is the quantity of charge transferred by a current of one ampere during a time of one second

faraday’s law

• mass of an element produced or consumed at an electrode is directly proportional to the time the cell operates at a constant current

• faradays constant: 9.65 × 10^4 C/mol e-