hearing rehabilitation - exam 1 study guide

air conduction

the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna

bone conduction

occurs as the eardrum vibrates and moves the auditory ossicles

audiogram key

Three types of hearing loss

conductive, sensorineural, mixed

conductive HL

HL that occurs in the outer and middle ear

what causes conductive HL?

excess wax

presence of foreign object

external otitis

otitis media

serous otitis

otosclerosis

sensorineural HL

HL that occurs in the inner ear

what causes sensorineural HL?

meniere's disease

noise exposure

ototoxicity

mixed HL

HL that occurs in a combination of outer, middle, and inner ear

what causes mixed HL?

combination of otitis media and noise exposure

combination of ossicular chain disruption and age

what type of hearing loss is shown in this audiogram?

normal hearing

3 multiple choice options

what type of hearing loss is shown in this audiogram?

conductive HL

3 multiple choice options

what type of hearing loss is shown in this audiogram?

sensorineural HL

3 multiple choice options

what type of hearing loss is shown in this audiogram?

mixed HL

3 multiple choice options

how many people have tinnitus?

50 million

how many people are regularly exposed to hazardous noise levels?

30 million

how many people are hard of hearing?

26 million

how many people have some degree of permanent noise induced hearing loss

10 million

how many people are classified as deaf

2 million

what percentage of school age children may fail a screening due to ear infections?

15%

what percentage of children before the age of 6, have had at least one ear infection?

90%

percentage of people with hearing loss _____ the older people get

increases

2 multiple choice options

Who is the father of audiology?

Raymond Carhart

styles of hearing aids

completely in the canal (CIC)

invisible in the canal (IIC)

in the canal (ITC)

in the ear (ITE)

half shell (ITE)

behind the ear (BTE)

receiver in the canal (RIC)

slim tube/open

customizable hearing aids

completely in the canal (CIC)

invisible in the canal (IIC)

in the canal (ITC)

in the ear (ITE)

half shell (ITE)

range of customizable hearing aids

mild - moderate - moderately severe

advantages to customizable hearing aids

less visible

disadvantages to customizable hearing aids

circuit inside ear

re-casing will be needed if weight changes

less power

behind the ear hearing aids

behind the ear (BTE)

receiver in the canal (RIC)

sim tube/open fit

range of behind the ear hearing aids

mild - profound

advantages of behind the ear hearing aids

power

no need for re-casing due to weight changes

circuit not inside ear

disadvantages of behind the ear hearing aids

visible

important factors when choosing hearing aids

age

dexterity

cost

steps for ear mold impression

1. perform an otoscopy

2. insert an otoblock

3. check otoblock placement

4. prepare the impression materiaal

5. inject impression material into the ear canal

6. let material harden

7. remove impression

parts of a hearing aid

microphone

amplifier

receiver

power supply

basic components of a hearing aid circuit

analog hearing aids

digital hearing aids

amplification

microphones

condensors

ear trumpet/ear cupping

1600-1899

carbon hearing aid

1899-1920

vacuum tube

1920-1940

transistor hearing aid

1940-1960

digital hearing aid

1960-1980

wireless hearing aid

2005

CROS vs BiCROS hearing aids

- Contralateral routing of signals (CROS): used when there is a dead ear and a normal ear

- Bi-contralateral routing of signals (BiCROS): used when there is a dead ear and a damaged ear

three levels of technology

1. high-end: used for people who are active and in frequency in noisy environments

2. mid-level: used for people who are somewhat active but dont need the advancements

3. low-end: used for people who are mainly at home

silicone ear mold material

advantages: durable and comfortable

disadvantages: shrinks over time, easy to modify

acrylic ear mold material

advantages: easy to clean, doesnt shrink over time, easy to modify

disadvantages: breaks easily

aural rehabilitation

helps rehabilitate the effects of hearing loss

aural habilitation

helps people who were born with hearing loss

participation restrictions

problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations

activity limitations

difficulties an individual may have in executing activities

prelingual deafness

hearing loss acquired before the onset of language development

perilingual deafness

hearing loss is acquired while developing a first language

post-lingual deafness

hearing loss that occurs after the child has begun to learn language

hard of hearing

not able to hear well

deaf

unable to hear

discrimination

Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.

dynamic range

the range of amplitudes that can be heard and discriminated; when applied to an individual auditory nerve fiber, the range of amplitudes over which the firing rate of the fiber changes

hearing aid

device used by persons with impaired hearing to amplify sound

acoustics

the study of sound

loudness scaling

occlusion effect

channels

directional microphone systems

digital noise reduction

feedback management

telecoil

datalogging

learning features

binaural processing

programs

gain

frequency responsive curve

output sound pressure

level 90

harmonic distortion

battery current

equivalent input noise level

attack and release times

telephone magnetic field response

compression circuitries

acoustic feedback

acclimatization process

troubleshooting

hearing aid outcome measure

functional gain

self-assessment

speech perception

real ear measures