Mechanics of Human Movement EXAM 1

A vector is a quantity that has only magnitude.

True or false?

False

Kinematics is the branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of an object with reference to the forces acting on that object.

True or false?

False

The cardinal plane that splits the body vertically into left and right halves of equal mass is the ______ plane.

sagittal

When in the anatomical position, the ________ end of the femur articulates with the tibia.

distal

The knee joint angle is the angle of the leg relative to the thigh segment.

True or false?

True

Professor Schmitt is out for a run. She ran 800 meters West, then turned left and ran 600 meters due South. How far away from her starting point is she?

1000 m

Statics is the branch of rigid body mechanics that studies objects subject to acceleration.

True or false?

False

Movement about an anteroposterior axis occurs in the _________ plane of motion.

Frontal

Movement about an ___________ axis occurs in the sagittal plane of motion.

mediolateral

Movement about a longitduinal axis occurs in the _________ plane of motion.

transverse

______ occurs when the top of the foot moves away from the tibia.

plantarflexion

Abduction and adduction of the hip are frontal plane movements of the hip.

True or false?

True

Solve for x. 3x - 4 = 82 - (4 x 11)

8

Translation along a straight line is called ________ motion.

rectilinear

Neurons that originate in the brain or spinal cord and carry signals away from the central nervous system are called _________ neurons

motor

Reflexive muscle actions can occur without neural stimulation.

True or false?

false

A motor unit is all the motor neurons that innervate a given muscle.

True or false?

False

saddle joint

pivot joint

gliding joint

ball and socket joint

hinge joint

ellipsoidal

Which of the following are properties of muscle? (Choose all that apply)

Excitability

Conductivity

Extensibility

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) signal there is too much tension in the muscle and:

activate the antagonist muscle while inhibiting the agonist muscle

Maximum active force generation occurs at _______ length.

resting

The neuromuscular junction is an example of a _________ synapse.

chemical

The muscle cell is called the ______.

Muscle fiber

Axon conduction speed is influenced by: (choose all that apply)

the presence of myelin

axon diameter

The functional unit of skeletal muscle is the __________.

sarcomeres

Muscle can contract without nervous stimulation.

True or false?

false

The _______ muscle is the primary mover when describing a movement.

agonist

Name the major spinal networks mentioned in class from most superior to most inferior:

cervical plexus

brachial plexus

lumbosacral plexus

Scoliosis is an abnormal curve in the ______ plane of the vertebral column.

frontal

Motor neurons are carried out of the spinal cord via the ___________ roots.

anterior

The articulation between [A] and [B] allows for the more rotation than any other vertebral articulation.

C1(atlas) and C2(axis)

Name one major muscle that contributes to horizontal adduction (be specific).

pectoralis major

The specific joint primarily responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow is the __________ joint.

humeroulnar joint

The articulation that allows for pronation/supination is the ___________ joint.

radioulnar joint

Shrugging my shoulders results in ________ of the clavicle and scapula (movement).

elevation

Tommy John surgery uses a tendon graft to repair the ________ collateral ligaments.

medial

The intervertebral discs are made up of two portions. From deep to proximal, they are the [A] and [B].

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

The glenohumeral joint allows movements in each of the 3 cardinal planes (i.e., it is a triaxial joint).

True or false?

true

Pelvic motion in the frontal plane is referred to as:

lateral pelvic rotation

The medial malleolus is found at the [A] end of the [B] (bone).

distal; tibia

The anterior muscles of the thigh are primarily responsible for what action at the knee?

extension

A muscle whose tendon passes on the posterior and medial side of the ankle region would:

plantarflex and invert the foot

As you approach full extension of the knee joint, the tibia ________ rotates approximately 10 degrees.

externally

What hamstring muscle does NOT contribute to hip extension?

biceps femoris (short head)

Which ligament is responsible for preventing the proximal tibia from sliding too far posteriorly?

PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

Name a bi-articular muscle that flexes the knee and plantarflexes the ankle.

gastrocnemius

The largest and strongest external rotator of the hip joint is:

gluteus maximus

The knee can internally rotate ~30 degrees or externally rotate ~45 degrees when it is fully extended.

True or false?

false (flexed)

How many degrees of freedom does the femoroacetabular joint (i.e., the hip joint) possess?

3 deg

Most ankle sprains are inversion sprains; the foot inverts too much and too forcefully.

True or false?

True

Name a bi-articular muscle that flexes the hip and extends the knee.

Rectus Femoris