CHEM 40.1 EXER 3 SIMPLE

Homogenous Mixture

A mixture with uniform composition throughout and components that cannot be separated by physical means.

the sample can be:
1.    Solution of a nonvolatile solute in a volatile solvent

2.    Solution of two miscible liquids with one being more volatile than the other

Raoult’s Law

States that the vapor pressure of a compound in a solution is dependent on its molar composition in the solution.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Distillate

The product obtained from distillation, which should contain the desired substance separated from the rest of the mixture.

Simple Distillation

A method that involves evaporation of samples to separate components based on differences in boiling points.

TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE MIXTURE BOILS

Mixture starts boiling upon reaching the boiling point of the desired substance

A water-ethanol mixture will boil when the boiling point of the more volatile component – methanol is reached thus the mixture will boil at around 78-79 degrees celcius.

Application of Simple Distillation

Used for separating substances with significant differences in boiling points.

Limitations of Simple Distillation

Not suitable for mixtures with components having close boiling points or compounds that decompose at their boiling points.

Setup of Simple Distillation

Involves using a thermometer to monitor temperature, and glassware like a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask to collect the distillate.

temperature of volatile component

When the mixture begins to boil, the first temperature reached is the boiling point of the more volatile component.

Main principle of simple distillation

Involves evaporation of the samples and allows separation based on the differences in the boiling points of the components