Gandhi

What does Gandhi study in England? Where does he move the practice this? What happens there?

Law; South Africa; he experiences racism - and goes to jail (they shaped his political ideas)

Amritsar Massacre

On April 13, 1919, General Dyer ordered troops to open fire on a gathering of more than 10,000 Indians in Amritsar, resulting in the death of 379 people and over 1,100 wounded.

Civil Disobedience

Gandhi's method of nonviolent protest, which included boycotting, fasting, marches, and rallies, to challenge unjust laws and policies.

Ahimsa

The principle of nonviolence and compassion for life, which Gandhi believed to be the highest duty.

Mahatma

A title meaning "Great Soul" given to Gandhi for his leadership and moral values.

Great Salt March

In 1930, Gandhi led a 200-mile march to the coast to protest the British tax on salt, making salt from sea water. This movement gained international recognition and sympathy for the Indian people.

Quit India Movement

Organized by Gandhi during World War II, it urged non-cooperation with the British and continued civil disobedience until India was granted immediate independence.

Partition

After gaining independence in 1947, India was partitioned into India (Hindus) and Pakistan (Muslims), leading to widespread violence and the death of over 500,000 people.

Nathuram Godse

A Hindu fanatic who assassinated Gandhi on January 30, 1948, due to his opposition to Gandhi's program of religious tolerance towards Muslims.

Truth and Non-violence

Gandhi's belief that these principles are timeless and essential for creating a peaceful world.

What was India like in the early 1900s?

Under British control; rise of “Indian Nationalism”; created harsh new laws; Indians protest (kills British soldiers)

What does General Reginald Dyer that leds to the Amritsar Massacre?

Bans all public gatherings

What are the effects of the Amritsar Massacre?

Led to a large dislike and distrust of the British; leads more violence; INC starts to call for a complete separation from Britain

What does Gandhi and the INC do?

Unites various Indian social classes; wants more jobs in government to go to Indians; stressed gradual change

What did Gandhi wear?

Dressed in white cotton garments worn by the poor

What did he do that led him into a simple life?

Vegetarian (often would fast), stressed the importance of simple jobs such as spinning thread

What becomes the symbol of the Indian’s struggle for freedom?

The spinning wheel

Why did tensions grow between the Indians and Muslims after independence was granted?

Muslims feared they would not be treated fairly in. A country dominated by Hindus; Most Hindus still viewed Muslims as foreign conquerors; Both groups had differing political and economic views

What did the partitions led to?

More violence and more fighting; over 500,000 die; cities are burned; Around 15 million people took part in a mass migration

What did Gandhi do once they gained independence? Why?

He held prayer meetings across India to promote peace; the violence sickened Gandhi