AIS midterms 2nd sem

heart and lungs of the aircraft; provide thrust

Powerplant

Commonly found in small, general aviation planes

Reciprocating Engines

They use pistons to convert chemical energy from fuel into mechanical energy.

Reciprocating Engines

These are designed for high speed and high altitude

Turbine Engines

They operate on the principle of "Suck, Squeeze, Bang, Blow"

Turbine Engines

The piston moves down, drawing in fuel-air mixture.

Intake (Reciprocating engine)

The piston moves up, compressing the mixture for a bigger "bang."

Compression (Reciprocating engine)

Spark plugs ignite the gas; the explosion forces the piston down.

Power (Reciprocating engine)

The piston moves up again to push out the spent gases.

Exhaust (Reciprocating engine)

The air passes through the compressor section, where it is compressed increasing its pressure and temperature.

Compression (Turbine Engine)

The high-pressure air enters the combustion chamber (burner),where fuel is added and ignited, releasing energy anddrastically increasing the temperature of the gas at a constant pressure.

Combustion (Turbine Engine)

The high-temperature, high-pressure gas expands through the turbine section, driving the compressor via a shared shaft.

Expansion (Turbine Engine)

The hot, expanded gases are released into the atmosphere, providing thrust in jet engines or passing through a nozzle.

Exhaust (Turbine Engine)

Turbine Engine uses ____ to produce power/thrust for theaircraft.

Brayton Cycle

A reciprocating engine uses the principle of

Otto Cycle

Which is NOT a classification of reciprocating engines?

Turbofan

Which turbine engine type is designed mainly to drive helicopter rotors?

Turboshaft

Which stroke is known as “Suck”?

Intake

During which stroke does the piston move up and compress the fuel–air mixture?

Compression

Which stroke is associated with the action “Bang”?

Power

When the spark plugs ignite the mixture, which stroke is taking place?

Power

Which stroke pushes the spent gases out of the cylinder?

Exhaust

The correct order of the four strokes is:

Intake → Compression → Power → Exhaust

During which stroke does the piston move downward because of an explosion?

Power

Which action correctly matches the Exhaust stroke?

Blow

Which action correctly matches the Compression stroke?

Squeeze

Which of the following pairs is correct?

Intake – Suck

show whether the current state of powerplant operation is normal, acceptable for a limited time, or unauthorized.

Engine Instruments

indicates the pressure that oil enters the engine from the pump.

Oil Pressure Gauge

It is the primary indicator of engine lubrication system integrity.

Oil Pressure Gauge

Engine instruments are used to:

Monitor the condition and operation of the powerplant

Which color indicates normal continuous operation in engine instruments?

Green

Which color indicates caution and limited-time operation?

Yellow

Which color indicates unauthorized or dangerous operation?

Red

What type of instrument uses electrical signals to display readings?

Electronic indicator

Which instrument indicates the pressure of oil entering the engine?

Oil Pressure Gauge

The oil pressure gauge primarily monitors the:

Lubrication system integrity

Low oil pressure may indicate:

Oil pump failure

What device senses oil pressure in modern systems?

Pressure transducer

A transducer is a device that:

Converts one form of energy into another

Which color on the oil pressure gauge indicates safe operation?

Green

Which color indicates immediate pilot action is required?

Red

The oil temperature gauge measures:

Temperature of engine lubricant

Why is oil temperature important?

To ensure proper lubrication and cooling

Which device is commonly used to measure oil temperature?

Thermocouple

A thermocouple measures:

Temperature using two dissimilar metals

Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) is mainly used in:

Reciprocating engines

The CHT gauge monitors the temperature of the:

Engine cylinder head

High CHT may cause:

Engine damage

The CHT sensor is usually installed:

On the cylinder head

Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) measures:

Temperature of exhaust gases

In reciprocating engines, EGT is used to:

Adjust fuel-air mixture

In turbine engines, EGT helps prevent:

Turbine overheating

EGT sensors are installed:

In the exhaust stream

Both CHT and EGT commonly use:

Thermocouples

The fuel quantity indicator shows:

Fuel remaining in tanks

Fuel quantity indicators help pilots manage:

Flight range and endurance

Which fuel quantity indicator uses a float and rod?

Sight glass

Which fuel quantity indicator uses a float that follows the fuel level remains the primary sensing element, but a mechanical linkage is connected to move a pointer across the dial face of an instrument.

Mechanical Fuel Quantity Gauges

Which fuel quantity indicator uses variable resistance and electrical current to display the fuel level?

Electric indicator

Which fuel quantity indicator converts the variable resistance into a display in the cockpit instrument head?

Digital indicator

Which fuel quantity system measures fuel mass that accounts for the density changes in fuel caused by temperature fluctuations?

Capacitor-type indicator

In capacitor-type systems, fuel acts as a:

Dielectric

Capacitance changes when:

Fuel level changes

Fuel pressure is important because it ensures:

Proper fuel delivery

Low fuel pressure warning is activated by:

Pressure sensing switch

Fuel pressure warning lights indicate:

Abnormal fuel pressure

When fuel pressure is low, the pressure switch contacts:

Close

Closing the contacts allows:

Current to flow to warning light

Fuel pressure warning alerts the:

Pilot

primary performance instrument used in aircraft with reciprocating engines, specifically those equipped with constant-speed propellers.

Manifold Pressure Gauge

The manifold pressure gauge measures:

Pressure of the air-fuel mixture entering the cylinders

Manifold pressure is typically measured in:

Inches of mercury (inHg)

The manifold pressure gauge is mainly used in aircraft with:

Constant-speed propellers

Which component is commonly used to sense manifold pressure?

Aneroid bellows

A reciprocating engine tachometer measures:

Engine rotational speed

primary performance instrument that indicates the rotational speed of the engine's crankshaft.

Reciprocating Engine Tachometer

Engine speed on a reciprocating tachometer is displayed in:

RPM

The primary function of the tachometer is to:

Monitor engine speed within safe limits

Which tachometer type uses a flexible drive shaft connected to the engine?

Mechanical

An engine-driven generator (tacho-generator) creates an electrical frequency proportional to the engine speed.

Electromechanical tachometer

Sensors (often Hall-effect or optical) detect the passage of gear teeth or magnets on the crankshaft and send digital pulses to an electronic display unit.

Electronic tachometer

A turbine engine tachometer measures:

Rotational speed of turbine spools

Turbine engine speed is usually displayed as:

Percentage of maximum RPM

The N1 indication represents:

Fan or low-pressure compressor speed

The N2 indication represents:

High-pressure compressor speed

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) is used to measure:

Engine thrust

EPR is determined by comparing:

Inlet pressure and exhaust pressure

EPR is determined by comparing:

Inlet pressure and exhaust pressure

The EPR system uses which device to calculate the pressure ratio?

Differential pressure transducer

ECAM stands for:

Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring

The upper ECAM display mainly shows:

Primary engine parameters and warnings

The lower ECAM display mainly shows:

Secondary system information and synoptic diagrams

The STS button on ECAM is used to:

Display system status

The RCL button is used to:

Recall warning and caution messages

The CLR button is used to:

Clear displayed messages

The EMER/CANC button is used to:

Cancel present aural warnings

The TO/CONFIG button is used to:

Check aircraft takeoff configuration

Which ECAM display mode is used during normal flight phases?

Phase-related mode

Which ECAM mode summarizes aircraft condition after a failure?

Advisory mode