The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, ideal for exam preparation.

Industrial Revolution

A transition to new manufacturing processes from roughly 1760 to 1840, starting in Britain.

Agricultural Revolution

Changes in farming methods that increased food production and supported population growth.

Surplus Labor

Extra labor available for work, often due to population growth, suitable for factories.

Capital

Wealth used for investment in industrial machines and factories.

Cottage Industry

A small-scale industry where products are produced at home typically by hand.

Entrepreneur

An individual who creates and manages a business, taking on financial risks.

Mineral Resources

Natural resources like coal and iron ore crucial for industrial manufacturing.

Steam Engine

A heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam from boiling water.

Power Loom

A machine used to weave cloth, which revolutionized the textile industry.

Textile Industry

An industry involving the production of yarn, cloth, and related goods.

Proletariat

The industrial working class who sell their labor for wages.

Factory System

A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor in a centralized location.

Transportation Revolution

Changes in transportation methods due to advancements like railroads and steamships.

Wrought Iron

Iron that has been heated and worked to improve its strength and malleability.

Puddling Process

A method of producing wrought iron by removing impurities from pig iron.

Mercantilism

An economic policy aimed at maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

Great Exhibition of 1851

The first world's fair held in London showcasing industrial and cultural achievements.

Urbanization

The increase in population in urban areas as people move from rural locations.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's influence through diplomacy or military force.

Joint-Stock Company

A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.

Labor Discipline

The set of rules governing workers' behavior and productivity in the factory system.

Colony

A territory controlled by another country, typically for economic benefits.

Specialization of Labor

The process where workers focus on specific tasks to improve efficiency.

Consumer Goods

Products manufactured for personal use by individuals.

Credit Facilities

Financial tools and institutions that support borrowing and lending.

Economic Growth

An increase in the production of goods and services over time.

Interchangeable Parts

Uniformly made parts that can replace any part of a specific model.

Factory Rules

A set of regulations governing worker behavior in industrial factories.

Baron Arkwright

A notable entrepreneur and inventor during the Industrial Revolution known for the water frame.

Market Demand

The desire of consumers to purchase goods and services.

Coal Production

The extraction and processing of coal, significantly increased during the Industrial Revolution.

Iron Industry

Industrial sector focused on the production and processing of iron.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country in a year.

Customs Barriers

Taxes and regulations that restrict the flow of goods between countries.