Abdomen Board Review

mediastinum

hyperechoic line going through testicle

varicocele

enlarged spermatic cord is called what

increased

there will be ________ vascular flow w epididymitis and orchitis

tunica vaginalis

hydrocele is between the layers of the _______

inguinal canal

most common location for cryptorchidism

cryptorchidism / undescended testes

increased risk of infertility, torsion, and cancer with what testicular abnormality

5

how many lobes are there in the prostate

peripheral

most common zone for malignancy in the prostate

false

PSA is always indicative of cancer (T/F)

true

benign prostate hyperplasia is common in men 40+ (T/F)

frequent urination / polyurea / difficult urination

most common symptom(s) for benign prostate hyperplasia

transitional (zone)

where does BPA occur in the prostate

prostate

_________ cancer is very common in men 60-80 yrs old

20

greater than ____ ngms is indicative of prostate cancer

2

how many pairs of parathyroid glands are there

4

how many parathyroid glands are there

brachial cleft cysts

cysts lateral of the thyroid, near the carotid arteries are likely

hyper

Grave’s disease is _____thyroid

hypo

Hashimoto’s is a ______thyroid disease

papillary

what kind of malignancy is most common in the thyroid

thyroid

largest endocrine gland

isthmus

pyramidal lobe is seen on the ___________ of the thyroid

iodine

what mineral is important in thyroid health

pampiniform plexus

all venous drainage in the scrotum takes place where

6 months

testes should descend by

2

a spermatic vein over ____mm is considered a varicocele

left renal vein

left testicular veins drains into the

median raphe / septal raphe

what structure separates the testicles

seminoma

most common primary testicular malignancy, may have abnormal HCG levels (high)

true

microcalcs in the testicle may be related to malignancy (T/F)

yolk sac tumor

most common testicular mass in pts under 2, high AFP

embryonal cell carcinoma

most aggressive testicular malignancy, high AFP and HCG, men 25-35

Bell-clapper

what testicular variant has an increased risk for torsion

pancreatic duct

double duct sign describes dilation of the CBD and the

prostate (carcinoma)

most common cause of tumor invasion of the bladder in men

capsular

what artery feeds the prostate

adenocarcinoma

most common malignant neoplasm found in the prostate

asymmetric

enlargement with prostate cancer will typically be symmetric or asymmetric

peyronie’s

calcifications causing the penis to curve

corpus cavernosum

what is usually fractured in a patient with penile trauma

seminal vesicles

what structures store the sperm

Mullerian

appendix teste is a remnant of the ____________ duct

true

varicoceles can cause infertility (T/F)

rete testis

the mediastinum enters the ___________ to then go into the epididymal head

aorta

testicular arteries originate from the ______ below the renal arts

hydrocele

most common cause of painless testicular swelling

STDs

most common cause of epididymitis and orchitis

epididymitis

most common cause of acute testicular pain in adults

torsion

most common cause of acute testicular pain in adolescents

UTI

how does epididyo-orchitis most often spread

spermatocele

what pathology is most common in patients with history of a vasectomy

benign

extratesticular masses are usually

malignant

intratesticular masses are usually

longus colli

muscle located posterior to the thyroid

sternocleidomastoid

muscle anterior lateral to the thyroid

sternohyoid

muscle anterior to the thyroid

trachea

is the trachea or esophagus more anterior

false

the esophagus is anterior to the trachea (T/F)

ECA

superior thyroid artery branches off what vessel

pituitary

what structure produces TSH

hyper

increased production of T3 and T4 is _____thyroidism

hypo

decreased production of T3 and T4 is ____thyroidism

hypo

husky voice is common with ____thyroidism

cold

_____ nodules on nuke med is at a higher risk of malignancy

adenomas

halos are a characteristic of thyroid ___________

hypo

thyroiditis will appear _____echoic on US

single / singular

is a singular nodule or multiple nodules of the thyroid more likely to indicate malignancy

calcium

parathyroids are responsible for maintaining _________ levels in the blood

exudate

what type of ascites is malignant

transudate

what type of ascites is benign

diaphragm

subphrenic is inferior to the

liver

subhepatic is inferior to the

Morison’s

right posterior subhepatic space

anteriorly

retroperitoneal organs are covered _________ by peritoneum

Gallbladder , liver , ovaries , stomach , spleen , some bowel

What are all the organs in the intraperitoneal cavity (GLOSSS)

Lesser sac

Space between the pancreas and the stomach is called what

Lesser sac

Omental bursa is another name for what area

Fat

What is in the posterior pararenal space

Anteriorly

Retroperitoneal organs are under the peritoneum and covered __________ by peritoneum

Asymptomatic

If a mass doesn’t affect organ function will it be symptomatic or asymptomatic

Intraperitoneal

The liver is a _________ organ (location)

Liver

What organ MAKES bile

Intersegmental

The hepatic veins are intra or intersegmental

Intrasegmental

The hepatic artery is inter or intrasegmental

Ligamentum teres / round ligament

The umbilical vein becomes what after birth

Portal VEIN

The livers blood supply comes from the hepatic artery and the ______________

Portal vein (main portal to be specific)

does the portal vein or hepatic artery supply more blood to the liver

Hepatic veins

What vessels drain the liver

Reidel’s (lobe)

Extension of right liver over right kidney

Papillary process

Inferior extension of the caudate lobe

13mm

MPV diameter should not exceed

Echogenic / hyperechoic

The liver is slightly _________ compared to the kidney

ALT

Short name for alanine transaminase

ALP

Short name for alkaline phosphatase

AST

Short name for aspartate transaminase