2. Covalent Substances

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to covalent bonding and molecular structures.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two non-metal atoms share valence electrons.

Molecule

A group of two or more non-metal atoms that are covalently bonded.

Intramolecular Bond

Bonds that exist within a molecule.

Single Covalent Bond

A bond created when two atoms share one electron each.

Double Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Triple Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.

Polyatomic Molecule

A molecule made up of two or more atoms.

Lewis Structure

A representation of molecules that shows valence electrons as dots.

VSEPR Theory

A theory used to predict the shape of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.

Tetrahedral Shape

A molecular shape where a central atom is bonded to four other atoms with a bond angle of 109°.

Pyramidal Shape

A molecular shape where the central atom is bonded to three atoms and has one lone pair.

V-shaped Molecule

A molecular shape where the central atom is bonded to two atoms and has two lone pairs.

Linear Shape

Molecules with two atoms formed in a straight line with a bond angle of 180°.

Symmetrical Molecule

A molecule whose structure is uniform and can cancel out dipole moments.

Asymmetrical Molecule

A molecule whose structure is not uniform and does not cancel out dipole moments.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces that exist between molecules which are weaker than intramolecular bonds.

Dispersion Forces

The weakest type of intermolecular force that exists between all molecules and atoms.

Dipole-Dipole Bond

An intermolecular force that exists between polar molecules.

Hydrogen Bond

A strong intermolecular bond between molecules containing O—H, F—H, or N—H bonds.

Covalent Lattices

Continuous 3D structures formed by covalent bonding with a repeating pattern of atoms.

Allotropes of Carbon

Different structural arrangements of the same element; for carbon, includes diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon.

Amorphous Carbon

Carbon that has no fixed structure and is produced from burning carbon-containing substances.

Polarity

A property of molecules that describes the distribution of electrical charge.