Module-1-and-2-Urinary (Physio 2)

Homeostasis

The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys, which can affect their function.

Filtration

The process of separating solids from liquids by using a filter.

Reabsorption

The process in which the kidneys reabsorb necessary substances back into the blood from the filtrate.

Secretion

The process of discharging substances from the blood into the tubular fluid in the nephron.

Diuretic

A substance that promotes the production of urine.

Electrolytes

Mineral ions that carry an electric charge and are vital for various cellular functions.

Urea

A nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver and excreted in urine.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body fluids.

Alkalosis

A condition characterized by an excess of base (alkali) in the body fluids.

What is the function of the kidneys?

The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, regulate water and electrolyte balance, and maintain acid-base homeostasis.

What is nephron loop?

The nephron loop (loop of Henle) is part of the nephron that concentrates urine and reabsorbs water and solutes.

What is the role of aldosterone?

Aldosterone is a hormone that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and pressure.

What are the types of nephrons?

There are two types of nephrons: cortical nephrons, located mainly in the renal cortex, and juxtamedullary nephrons, which extend deep into the medulla.

What does the renal pelvis do?

The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the collecting ducts and drains it into the ureters.

What is the role of the glomerulus?

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where filtration of blood occurs to form urine.

What is isotonic fluid balance?

Isotonic fluid balance occurs when the concentrations of solutes in body fluids remain equal, preventing shifts of water between compartments.

What are the consequences of dehydration?

Dehydration can lead to decreased urine output, increased blood osmolality, and impaired kidney function.

What is the effect of caffeine on the kidneys?

Caffeine acts as a diuretic, increasing urine production by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

What is the significance of urine specific gravity?

Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in urine and can indicate hydration status and kidney function.