Analytic Epidemiology: Types of Study Designs

Flashcards focusing on vocabulary terms and definitions relevant to the lecture on Analytic Epidemiology.

Analytic Epidemiology

A branch of epidemiology that studies the determinants and distribution of health-related states or events in specific populations.

Ecologic Study

A study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals.

Cohort Study

A type of analytic observational study that tracks the incidence of a specific disease or other health outcome in a population group over time.

Case-Control Study

A study that identifies subjects based on the presence or absence of an outcome of interest, comparing cases with controls.

Odds Ratio

A measure of association between exposure and outcome used in case-control studies, indicating the odds of an outcome occurring given exposure.

Relative Risk

The ratio of the incidence rate of a disease or health outcome in an exposed group to the incidence rate in a non-exposed group.

Internal Validity

The degree to which a study is conducted using methodologically sound procedures.

External Validity

The ability to generalize results from a study to a wider, external population.

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

An experimental study design where subjects are randomly allocated into groups to receive or not receive a preventive or therapeutic intervention.

Bias

Systematic errors in a study that affect the validity of results, which can arise from selection processes, information gathering, or other factors.