PSYC 102 Practice Exam 1 (flashcard fall 2022 edition)

Miranda studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _________________.

Biopsychologist

A(n) _________________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

Operational Definition

Who established the first Psychology lab?

Wilhelm Wundt

A(n) _________________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-an-effect relationship.

Confounding Variable

Ethics need to be considered when _________________ scientific research.

designing, conducting, and reviewing,

_________________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

Range of Reaction

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _________________ as objectively as possible.

their own conscious experience

A relationship between two variables is known as _________________.

a correlation

Which one of the following is not a part of the fight-or-flight response?

Running Away

_________________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

Reliability

_________________ is the technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes _________________.

the Placebo Effect

A(n) _________________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

Theory

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _________________.

Depression

Marcus wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Marcus should specialize in _________________ psychology.

Developmental

_________________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Humanism

What does the myelin sheath do?

Increases speed of electrical signal down the axon

Psychology refers to the _________________.

scientific study of the mind and behavior

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

The theory of _________________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

Temporal

Alicia wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thoughts and behaviors, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Alicia wants to conduct research in the area of _________________.

personality

Which of the following is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

Breathing

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Experimental

William James was the _________________.

first American psychologist

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by _________________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Which one of the following psychologist was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on _________________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's uncoscious

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be _________________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be _________________.

fast; long lasting

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. WHen she arrives at the labe, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A positive correlation means:

one variable increases as the other increase

An intelligence test yields the saem results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with house spent doing homework that they are with other standardized intelligence test. This test has _________________ reliability and _________________ validity.

high; low

The _________________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.

pons

_________________ research studies the same group of participants over time.

Longitudinal

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) _________________.

Illusory Correlation