Active vs Passive Transport

hypotonic environment

water moves into the cell from high to low to try to reach equilibrium in this type of solution

turgor pressure

the pressure the central vacuole puts on the cell membrane and cell wall of a plant cell when it takes up more water and expands

osmosis

water moves from high to low through the cell membrane

facilitated diffusion

the movement of molecules through proteins in a cell membrane from high to low concentration.

equilibrium

a state of having the same concentration of a substance when comparing two areas such as in and out of a cell

diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low through the phospholipid bilayer

small nonpolar substances

can move from high to low through a membrane by the process of diffusion

large or polar susbtances

can move from high to low through a membrane by the process of facilitated diffusion

hypertonic environment

water flows out of a cell to try to reach equilibrium in this solution

isotonic environment

water flows in/out of a cell because it is at equilibrium

ideal environment for plant cells

hypotonic environment because turgor pressure increases

ideal environment for animal cells

isotonic environment - the cell will neither have a net gain or net loss of water

concentration gradient

the differences in concentration of a substance when comparing two areas

solute

the material being dissolved by the solvent

solvent

the material doing the dissolving

passive transport

a type of transport characterized by the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (high to low) and no energy is needed.

active transport

a type of transport characterized by the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high) so energy IS NEEDED

phospholipid bilayer

the main component of the cell membrane

carbohydrates

stick out of the cell membrane that acts as a name tag for a cell or used for cell to cell communication

semipermeable

the idea that the cell membrane easily lets some materials pass through it but not others

cholesterol

embedded in between the phospholipids to keep the cell membrane more fluid-like

homeostasis

the characteristic of life that the cell membrane helps the cell to achieve

osmoregulation

the process of controlling the amount of water within a living organism; in humans the kidney has an important role in this.

endocytosis

transport of very large materials into the cell through a vesicle

pinocytosis

transport of large amount of liquid into the cell by using a vesicle

phagocytosis

transport of large solid material into the cell by using a vesicle

exocytosis

transport of large materials out of the cell through a vesicle

sodium potassium pump

an example of active transport where 3 sodium are pumped out where concentration is high and 2 potassium are pumped in where concentration is high