Lesson 1 Biology Cell Cycle

What makes up sister chromatids

chromatid and centromere

how many chromosomes does a human have?

46 chromosomes with 23 pairs

what are cells with normal number of chromosomes called?

diploids - has 2 chromosomes in each pair

what are cells that have half the number of chromosomes called?

haploids - has only one chromosome from each pair

what is chromatin and when is this shaped used?

a complex mixture of DNA and proteins that packages long DNA strands into a compact, organized structure. This structure is how this DNA and Protein are most of the time - long strands. (especially in interphase)

What is chromosomes when is this shape they used?

a thread like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells, made of DNA tightly wrapped around proteins. these structures compact like this in order to move DNA around and undergo cell division.

Explain the cell cycle: G1, G2, and S phases

G1, cell continue its growth. S phase, cell replicates DNA to prepare for cell division. G2, cell does final preparation for cell division (to enter mitosis)

What occurs in the Prophase?

What occurs in the metaphase?

What occurs in the Anaphase?

What occurs in the Telophase?

What occurs in Cytokinesis?

Why do cells need to divide? 3 +bonus

asexual reproduction

growth of organism

repair tissues/ replace dying cells

keep cells small to maintain efficient diffusion - they have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio

What are daughter cells and what are some things to know about them?

The cellular division of a cell where there are now 2 identical cells are called daughter cells and they are diploid and contain same # chromosomes as original

what are the 5 steps of mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis