APHUG U3 CULTURE

custom

the frequent repetition of an act, to extent that it becomes characteristic of GROUP of ppl performing the act

ecumene

the inhabited or habitable areas of the Earth, where people live and interact with their environment.

folk / local / indigenous culture

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

habit

a repetitive act performed by a particular INDIVIDUAL

popular / global culture

culture founded in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

taboo

a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

creole languages (creolized languages)

a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the ppl being dominated

dialect

a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocab, spelling, and pronunciation

isogloss

a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

isolated language

a language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

language family

a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

language

a system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of ppl to have the same meaning

lingua franca

a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by ppl who have different native languages

logogram

a symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

official language

the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

pidgin language

a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabs of lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages

agnosticism

belief that nothing can be known about whether god exists

animism

belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

branch of religion

a large and fundamental division within a religion

denomination

a division of branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body

ethnic religion

a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

fundamentalism

literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect)

ghettos

during the middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure

missionary

an individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

monotheism

the doctrine of or belief in the existence of only one god

pilgrimage

a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

polytheism

belief in or worship of more than one god

sect

a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

syncretic

a religion that combines several traditions

universalizing religon

a religion that attempts to all ppl, not just those living a particular location

acculturation

the adoption of certain cultural and social characteristics of one society by another society (google)

apartheid

laws (no longer in effect) in south africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

assimilation

the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture (google)

balkanization

a process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

blockbusting

A practice used by real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long lasting antagonisms towards each other

ethnic cleansing

a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

ethnic enclave / neighborhood

a geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and socially and economically distinct from the majority group

ethnicity

identity with group of ppl that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

genocide

the mass killing of a group of ppl in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

nationality

identity with a group of ppl that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular places as a result of being born there

race

identity with a group of ppl descended from a biological ancestor

racism

belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce and inherent superiority of a particular race

white flight

emigration of whites from an area anticipation of blacks immigrating into the area (whites fled)

atheism

belief that god does not exist