Pahoehoe: Hawaiian term for a smooth, rope-like lava flow

Seismic Wave: Mechanical waves of energy that move through the earth at different speeds

Tephra: Different sizes of volcanic material that get released from a volcano

Shield Volcano: Volcano formed from mafic magma that has a broad and fairly flat shape

P-wave: Fastest wave that will arrive first in an earthquake and can move through liquids, solids, and gasses

Strato / Composite Volcano: Volcano formed from andesitic magma that forms from oceanic and continental plates colliding1. Reverse Fault: A fault where the area above the plane of the fault has moved downward

Convergent: Boundary where two plates move together

Epicenter: Point on the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake formed

Alfred Wegener: German scientist who discovered continents fit together like puzzle pieces but had no evidence to support his idea

Normal Fault: A fault where the area above the plane of the fault has moved upward

Focus: Point inside the earth where the earthquake formed

Strike Slip Fault: A fault where two areas slide past one another

Isochrone: A line drawn on a map where all points on it represent the same time

Surface wave: Slow mechanical wave that reaches the surface of the earth

Divergent: Boundary where two plates move apart

Batholith: Largest igneous structure formed inside the earth

gneous rock: Formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava

Intrusive: Formed inside the earth

Dike: Igneous structure that runs perpendicular to surrounding rock around it

Extrusive: Formed on the surface of the earth

Laccolith: Dome-shaped igneous structure

Intrusion: Igneous minerals forced between other layers of rock

Phenocrysts: Larger crystals surrounded by smaller grains/crystals in a rock

Sill: Igneous structure that runs parallel to surrounding rock around it

Mineral: Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline substance that has a specific chemical composition