Pahoehoe to Mineral: 25 terms

Pahoehoe

Pahoehoe

Smooth, rope-like lava flow in Hawaiian

Seismic Wave

Energy waves moving through the earth at different speeds

Tephra

Various sizes of volcanic material released from a volcano

Shield Volcano

Volcano with a broad, flat shape from mafic magma

P-wave

Fastest earthquake wave moving through solids, liquids, and gases

Strato / Composite Volcano

Volcano from andesitic magma at plate boundaries

Reverse Fault

Fault where the area above moves downward

Convergent

Boundary where plates move together

Epicenter

Point above the earthquake origin on the earth's surface

Alfred Wegener

Scientist proposing continental drift without evidence

Normal Fault

Fault where the area above moves upward

Focus

Point inside the earth where the earthquake starts

Strike Slip Fault

Fault where areas slide past each other

Isochrone

Line on a map with points of equal time

Surface wave

Slow wave reaching the earth's surface

Divergent

Boundary where plates move apart

Batholith

Largest underground igneous structure

Igneous rock

Rock from magma or lava cooling

Intrusive

Rock formation inside the earth

Dike

Igneous structure cutting across surrounding rock

Extrusive

Rock formed on the earth's surface

Laccolith

Dome-shaped igneous structure

Intrusion

Igneous minerals forced between rock layers

Phenocrysts

Larger crystals in a rock surrounded by smaller grains

Sill

Igneous structure parallel to surrounding rock

Mineral

Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid substance with specific composition